background: the association between maternal smoking and poor pregnancy outcome, which is well established in medi­cal literature, has also been corroborated by the results of this study conducted in a turkish hospital. our objective was to investi­gate the effects of cigarette smoking during pregnancy on infant head circumference, height, weight, and body mass in­dex (bmi). methods: in this re...

objective about 1 % of infants are of very low birth weight. however, they comprise about 50% of infant mortality. we compare the effects of continuous versus intermittent feeding on physical growth, gastrointestinal tolerance and macronutrient retention in low birth weight infants (methods a prospective randomized trial clinical trial was performed from 2004-2005. very low birth weight neonate...

background: feeding intolerance is a common problem among premature infants. there is limited information on the safety and effects of oral probiotic supplements, especially products containing lactobacillus reuteri, and the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) in low birth weight preterm infants. this study aimed to evaluate the effects of lactobacillus reuteri on the gastrointestinal ...

background: cadmium is an extremely toxic metal with ubiquitous environmental distribution. cadmium is a potent reproductive and developmental toxic agent, and intensive environmental exposure to this substance has been reported among the residents of tehran. in this study, we investigated the correlation between amniotic fluid cadmium levels and the risk of preeclampsia, prematurity and low bi...

this study was aimed to evaluate the situation of congenital hypothyroidism (ch) in guilan using the screening program and determine the correlation of ch with birth weight, gestational age and seasonality. during 2006 to 2010, in guilan province, neonatal screening for ch by measurement of serum tsh level was performed in 3-5 days after birth. all neonates with tsh level ≥ 5mu/l were referred ...

background and purpose: birth outcomes and fertility measures are commonly evaluated in maternal and child health integrated program (mchip) in the field of public health. given the key role of time- trend study in the projection of current data to the future, this population-based study aimed to describe the significant changes of birth outcomes and fertility measures in the rural population o...

abstract background and purpose: high-risk pregnancy is referred to a situation in which mother, fetus or neonate are in higher risk of morbidity or mortality. because of adverse outcomes of high-risk pregnancies, this study aims to determine these outcomes in the north of iran. materials and methods: we recruited 803 urban and rural pregnant women in this crosssectional study via consensus met...

introduction weight in delivery is simplest and current health indication for assessment infant statues in each country.  purpose of this study is assessment correlation to unplan pregnancy and low birth weight in new infants also some key factors influencing on low birth weight. materials and methods in this study 838 pregnant mothers in two group wanted and unwanted performed. this study is d...

background systemic carnitine deficiency may present with apnea, hypotonia, and poor growth. premature infants often manifest these symptoms and are at risk of developing carnitine deficiency because of immaturity of the biosynthetic pathway, lack of sufficient predelivery transplacental transport, and lack of sufficient exogenous supplementation. objective this study was undertaken to examine ...