Black holes came into existence together with the universe through the quantum process of pair creation in the inflationary era. We present the instantons responsible for this process and calculate the pair creation rate from the no boundary proposal for the wave function of the universe. We find that this proposal leads to physically sensible results, which fit in with other descriptions of pa...

Evaporation of a liquid drop surrounded by either vapor the same fluid, or and air, is usually attributed to diffusion -- which, however, does not apply former setting, as pure fluids do diffuse. The present paper puts forward an additional mechanism, one that applies both settings. It shown disparities between in terms their pressure chemical potential give rise flow. Its direction depends on ...

We present theoretical predictions of the rotational line emission of deuterated water in low-mass protostar collapsing envelopes. The model accounts for the density and temperature structure of the envelope, according to the inside-out collapse framework. The deuterated water abundance profile is approximated by a step function, with a low value in the cold outer envelope and a higher value in...

A novel concept for the active removal of space debris using solar power is proposed. Focused solar ablation is an in-space propulsion concept based on using concentrator mirrors on nanosats and using the solar power to evaporate material from the debris to produce deceleration thrust thereby providing the ∆V necessary to deorbit. An energy balance is used along with free-molecular effusion the...

sediments of the nezam-abad area, south-east of bam have been studied for the first time. sedimentary facies are composed of thin-bedded clay, silt and fine grained sand interbedded with thin laminated limestone. chemical analysis of x-ray florescent indicates that more than 50% of sediments consist of silisium and aluminum oxide that can be used for reconstruction of environment. ninety eight ...

Sediments of the Nezam-Abad area, south-east of Bam have been studied for the first time. Sedimentary facies are composed of thin-bedded clay, silt and fine grained sand interbedded with thin laminated limestone. Chemical analysis of X-Ray florescent indicates that more than 50% of sediments consist of silisium and aluminum oxide that can be used for reconstruction of environment. Ninety eight ...

Extracting AlCl3·6H2O from acid leaching solution through crystallization is one of the key processes to extracting aluminum from fly ash, coal gangue and other industrial solid wastes. However, the obtained products usually have low purity and a key problem is the lack of accurate data for phase equilibrium. This paper presented the non-equilibrium phase diagrams of AlCl3-NaCl-H2O (HCl) salt-w...

We present theoretical predictions of the rotational line emission of deuterated water in low-mass protostar collapsing envelopes. The model accounts for the density and temperature structure of the envelope, according the inside-out collapse framework. The deuterated water abundance profile is approximated by a step function, with a low value in the cold outer envelope and a higher value in th...

Evolution and disruption of galaxies orbiting in the gravitational field of a larger cluster galaxy are driven by three coupled mechanisms: 1) the heating due to its time dependent motion in the primary; 2) mass loss due to the tidal strain field; and 3) orbital decay. Previous work demonstrated that tidal heating is effective well inside the impulse approximation limit. Not only does the overa...