Vitamin K2 is a critical nutrient required for blood clotting that also plays an important role in bone formation. Vitamin K2 supplementation up-regulates the expression of bone markers, increases bone density in vivo, and is used clinically in the management of osteoporosis. The mechanism of vitamin K2 action in bone formation was thought to involve its normal role as an essential cofactor for...

We use an array given in H. Kharaghani, Arrays for orthogonal designs, J. Combin. Designs, 8 (2000), 166-173, to obtain infinite families of 8-variable Kharaghani type orthogonal designs, OD(8t; hi, kl, kl, kl, k2, k2, k2, k2), where k1 and k2 must be the sum of two squares. In particular we obtain infinite families of 8-variable Kharaghani type orthogonal designs, OD(8t; k, k, k, k, k, k, k, k...

We show that there exist knots K ⊂ S with g(E(K)) = 2 and g(E(K#K#K)) = 6. Together with [5, Theorem 1.5], this proves existence of counterexamples to Morimoto’s Conjecture [10]. This is a special case of [6]. Let Ki (i = 1, 2) be knots in the 3-sphere S, and let K1#K2 be their connected sum. We use the notation t(·), E(·), and g(·) to denote tunnel number, exterior, and Heegaard genus respecti...

Let K1 and K2, respectively, be non empty closed convex subsets of real Hilbert spaces H1 and H2. The Approximation − solvability of a generalized system of nonlinear variational inequality (SNV I) problems based on the convergence of projection methods is discussed. The SNVI problem is stated as follows: find an element (x∗, y∗) ∈ K1 × K2 such that 〈ρS(x∗, y∗), x− x∗〉 ≥ 0, ∀x ∈ K1 and for ρ > ...

Abstract In this paper, we introduce the notion of a connected sum K1 #Z K2 of simplicial complexes K1 and K2, as well as define a strong connected sum. Geometrically, the connected sum is motivated by Lerman’s symplectic cut applied to a toric orbifold, and algebraically, it is motivated by the connected sum of rings introduced by Ananthnarayan–Avramov–Moore [1]. We show that the Stanley–Reisn...

We have isolated a cDNA coding a new organic anion transporter, OAT-K2, expressed specifically in rat kidney. The OAT-K2 cDNA had an open reading frame encoding a 498-amino acid protein (calculated molecular mass of 55 kDa) that shows 91% identity with the rat kidney-specific organic anion transporter, OAT-K1. Reverse transcription-coupled polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that the OA...

Vitamin K2 is widely used for the treatment of osteoporosis in Japan. To understand the effects of vitamin K2 on bone mass and bone metabolism, we reviewed its effects on the development of osteopenia in rats, which characterizes models of osteoporosis. Vitamin K2 was found to attenuate the increase in bone resorption and/or maintain bone formation, reduce bone loss, protect against the loss of...

Introduction : Two types of vitamin K occur in nature: vitamin K1 (phylloquinone, 2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone), which is derived from plants, and vitamin K2 (menaquinones), a series of vitamers with multiisoprene units at the 3-position. Vitamin K2 activates osteoblasts to enhance calcification, acts as a coenzyme of γ-carboxylase for the Gla protein, and is also reported to inhibit bo...