background: fenestration in the modified fontan operation allows right-to-left shunting, which reduces the fontan pathway pressure and improves cardiac output. however, on account of the fact that persistent right-to-left shunting results in cyanosis and paradoxical emboli, fenestration closure is recommended after recovery from the fontan operation. methods: this study recruited 3 patients who...

This research study examined the effect of foreign remittances and economic growth on poverty in Pakistan. Annual time series data was analyzed for the time period 1978 to 2010. Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Philips-Perron confirmed the problem of non-stationarity at level. This problem was eliminated by taking first difference of all variables. Johansen-juselius co-integration test was applied f...

The Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter has become a widely used tool for detrending integrated time series in applied econometric analysis. Even though the theoretical time series literature sums up an extensive catalogue of severe criticism against an econometric analysis of HP filtered data, the original Hodrick and Prescott (1980, 1997) suggestion to measure the strength of association between (ma...

This paper divulges the long term relationship among earning, investment and dividends from 2000 to 2011. Empirical evidence was collected to explore the Modigliani and miller theory of dividend irrelevance. Data was collected from all the sectors but it was ensured that firms did not have negative data of earnings as it is earnings which are either transformed into investment or dividends. Mul...

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This paper examines the relationship of financial liberalization and stock markets integration among ASEAN-5 (Note 1) stock markets: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Three sample periods are covered based on the progress of financial liberalization. By using Johansen and Juselius multivariate cointegration procedures, Granger-causality tests and variances decomposit...

aim : the aim of this study was to comprehensively analyze histopathologic parameters of whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy specimens at taleghani general hospital pathology department. background : the whipple procedure is performed for variety of tumors involving the head of the pancreas, ampulla of vater, common bile duct, or duodenum. patients and methods : records of all cases of whipple panc...

conclusions most cases of splenectomy in our center caused by trauma, and among the different types of trauma, blunt trauma is the dominant cause. road traffic accidents, in particular motor vehicle accidents, especially motorbike injures, are the most frequent cause of splenectomy. due to the instability of trauma patients, a mortality rate of 8% seems to be reasonable for splenectomy. rnwe re...

thyroglossal duct cysts are the most common congenital anomalies in thyroid development, which in less than 1% of cases are malignant. in most cases the diagnosis is made postoperatively. up to now, a few cases have been reported which had been papillary carcinoma. controversies exist concerning its nature and treatment. we present a 30 years old woman with papillary carcinoma of thyroglossal d...