PURPOSE To investigate the co-contraction of ankle muscles in older subjects with and without a history of falls during a stepping down activity, and whether the co-contraction was disrupted by a concurrent cognitive task. METHOD Ten fallers and 9 non-fallers (mean age = 72.0 +/- 5.0 and 72.1 +/- 7.3 years, respectively) were recruited. Electromyography (EMG) of the tibialis anterior (TA) and...

We have addressed the problem of wavefront propagation for the generalized Fisher equation involving diffusion transport with a finite velocity and a spatially nonuniform reaction rate. We have considered in detail the phenomenon of wavefront jump or ignition ahead of the reaction front for a piecewise constant reaction rate. By using a relativistic mechanics technique based on the principle of...

Pumpkin phloem exudate contains two abundant phloem proteins: PP1 is a 96-kD protein that forms polymeric filaments in vivo, and PP2 is a 48-kD dimeric lectin. Polyclonal antibodies raised against pumpkin phloem exudate were used to isolate several cDNAs corresponding to PP1 and PP2. RNA gel blot analysis indicated that PP1 is encoded by an mRNA of approximately 2500 nucleotides, whereas PP2 su...

This work develops adaptive time stepping algorithms for the approximation of a functional of a diffusion with jumps based on a jump augmented Monte Carlo Euler–Maruyama method, which achieve a prescribed precision. The main result is the derivation of new expansions for the time discretization error, with computable leading order term in a posteriori form, which are based on stochastic flows a...

Hiroshi Haramoto, Makoto Matsumoto Department of Mathematics, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-3-1 Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan {[email protected] and [email protected]} Takuji Nishimura Department of Mathematical Sciences, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8586, Japan {[email protected]} François Panneton and Pierre L’Ecuyer Département ...

In this paper we develop two novel numerical methods for the partial integral differential equation arising from the valuation of an option whose underlying asset is governed by a jump diffusion process. These methods are based on a fitted finite volume method for the spatial discretization, an implicit-explicit time stepping scheme and the Crank-Nicolson time stepping method. We show that the ...

Article history: Received: 24.01.2014. Received in revised form: 05.03.2014. Accepted: 10.03.2014. There is usually the speed jump problem existing in conventional back-stepping tracking control for four-wheel drive omni-directional mobile robots, a trajectory tracking controller based on adaptive neural dynamics model is proposed. Because of the smoothness and boundedness of the output from th...