We propose simplified metrics to evaluate the fidelity with which the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is simulated in climate models. These metrics are based on lag correlation analysis of principal component time series (PCs). The PCs are obtained by projecting simulated 20–100 day bandpass filtered daily outgoing longwave radiation onto the two leading empirical orthogonal functions of observ...

There are rich variabilities in the global atmosphere and climate system on intraseasonal time scale. This review article focuses Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), which is dominant mode of tropical variability. The MJO has a tremendous impact represents major source skill for subseasonal to seasonal predictions. Our knowledge been advanced recent decades, but challenges remain understanding, si...