Suicide statistics for Britain (England and Wales) from 1950 to 1990 are analysed. A rising suicide rate among males, particularly the young, is associated with an increased use of hanging as a suicide method. The same trend is not seen among females. Death by hanging can seldom be concealed or regarded as other than suicide, so statistics for suicidal hanging are likely accurate. Increased sui...

In the last fifty years, perhaps no facet of American constitutional democracy has changed more than campaigns for judicial office. Judicial elections long stood in sharp contrast to elections for executive, legislative, or administrative office. In keeping with the judicial role of impartial adjudicator, judicial candidates historically avoided political controversy and campaigned on “polite p...

I. THE ROBERTS COURT’S COMPETING CLASS ACTION CASES ... 1628 II. THE COURT’S “NON-TRANSSUBSTANTIVE” CLASS ACTION DECISIONS ............................................................................. 1636 A. The Court’s “Non-Transsubstantive” Rule 23 Jurisprudence .............. 1637 1. Substantive Lawmaking .................................................... 1637 2. Composite Judgments: Subs...

Mr. Cogan and Mr. Johnson discuss the judicial review provisions of the Medicare Act, codified at 42 U.S.C. section 405(g) and (h), and the Supreme Court cases including Illinois Council that interpret the scope of the "arising under" language. They also examine the history of section 205(h) of the Social Security Act, including the most recent amendment contained in the Deficit Reduction Act o...

Commercial insurance companies' have the market incentives and the ability to take on a new role as controllers of rising health care costs. This Note will discuss the market for insurer-directed cost containment, the types of cost control alternatives that could be utilized and the legal restraints on insurer innovation. The analysis of the legal setting for insurer innovation in cost control ...

This article shows that judicial review has a democratic justification, although it is not necessary for democratic government and its virtues are controversial and often speculative. Against critics like Waldron and Bellamy, it shows that judges, no less than legislators, can embody democratic forms of representation, accountability and participation. Hence, judicial review is not undemocratic...

Living in a forensic hospital for the last 38 years, Josefa da Silva is the longest female inhabitant surviving the penal and psychiatric regime in Brazil. This paper analyses dossier, judicial proceedings, interviews and photographs about her. The psychiatric report is the key component of the medical and penal doubling of criminal insanity. Twelve psychiatric reports illustrate three time fra...

II. JUDICIAL SPECIALIZATION: A BACKGROUND .............................. 397 A. The Theoretical Context for Judicial Specialization ............... 397 B. Typologies of Judicial Specialization ...................................... 399 C. Arguments for and Against Specialized Courts ....................... 400 1. Development of Judicial Human Capital .............................. 401 2. Creati...

This Article addresses questions of judicial ethics raised by privately-funded judicial seminars and how they are answered by existing legal and ethical standards. It discusses the relevant restrictions and describes the courts’ interpretations. The Article concludes that these interpretations are rooted in reasonable understandings of the current restrictions. It questions whether or not the c...

The relationship between de jure and de facto judicial independence is much debated in the literature. Some studies find no relationship between the formal rules governing the structure of the judiciary and its de facto independence. Other studies find a significant correlation between de jure and de facto judicial independence, with one study even touting de jure judicial independence as the m...