OBJECTIVES In attempts to overcome the limitations of self-reported data in occupational health research, job-exposure matrices, which assign exposure by occupation, have emerged as an objective approach for assessing occupational exposures. On the basis of a lung cancer case-control study conducted in the Greater Toronto Area, 1997-2002, assessment of occupational exposure to asbestos was comp...

OBJECTIVES To compare the performance of population specific job exposure matrices (JEMs) and self reported occupational exposure with data on exposure and lung function from three European general populations. METHODS Self reported occupational exposure (yes or no) and present occupation were recorded in the three general population surveys conducted in France, The Netherlands, and Norway. A...

OBJECTIVE To develop a job-exposure matrix (JEM) for occupational noise in Sweden and to estimate its validity. METHODS The JEM, developed by a group of experienced occupational hygienists, contains 321 job families with information regarding occupational noise from 1970 to 2004. The occupational noise information derives from measurements collected from different sources. The time period lab...

JEM © The Rockefeller University Press $8.00 Vol. 203, No. 4, April 17, 2006 809–812 www.jem.org/cgi/doi/10.1084/jem.20060522 809 In the dark ages of T cell biology, we considered two fates for differentiated CD4+ T cells: T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cells. Now we know that the reality is much more complex and interesting. The newest Th cell subset produces the cytokine IL-17. New evidence shows tha...

In this issue of JEM, Taylor et al. (https ://doi .org /10 .1084 /jem .20161653) describe PD-1 as a critical negative regulator of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC-2s). PD-1 intrinsically controls proliferation and cytokine production of both mouse and human ILC-2s. PD-1 signaling inhibits STAT5 phosphorylation and the removal of this brake by knocking down PD-1 expression or by using anti–PD...

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is developing space robotic technologies to realize a robot to support manned space activity. JAXA plans to conduct a robot experiment to demonstrate locomotion strategy using tethers and an extendable robotic arm with a robotic hand on the International Space Station, Japanese Experiment Module Exposed Facility (JEM-EF) in fiscal year 2011. The experim...

Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC 20008, USA (CAB, JEM) Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013 (JEM) Department of Environmental Science and Public Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA Department of Biology, Colby College, Wa...