Spatial heterogeneity (patchiness) in certain predator-prey situations has been observed even though their environment appears homogeneous. As a model mechanism to explain this patchiness phenomenon we propose a predator-prey interaction system with diffusive effects. We show that when the diffusion of the prey is small compared with that of the predator the non-linearity which we call a hump e...

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is an economically important pest of ornamental plant in Iran. The population abundance and spatial distribution were studied on five Rosa cultivars including Maroussia, Wendela, Elderado, Wenedetta, and Hot Lady during two growing seasons of 2011 and 2012 in greenhouse. The k parameter, index of dispersion, Lloyd’s m...

Motivated by the functional architecture of the primary visual cortex, we analyze solutions to a neural field equation defined on the product space R × S, where the circle S represents the orientation preferences of neurons. We show how standard solutions such as orientation bumps in S and traveling wavefronts in R can destabilize in the presence of this product structure. Using bifurcation the...

Vegetation type plays an important role in regulating the temporal and spatial variation of soil respiration. Therefore, vegetation patchiness may cause high uncertainties in the estimates of soil respiration for scaling field measurements to ecosystem level. Few studies provide insights regarding the influence of vegetation types on soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity in an estuar...

Most ecological interactions occur in environments that are spatially and temporally heterogeneous-'patchy'-across a wide range of scales. In contrast, most theoretical models of ecological interactions, especially large-scale models applied to societal issues such as climate change, resource management and human health, are based on 'mean field' approaches in which the underlying patchiness of...

(1) Background: Early research in natural forests on decennia implanted conviction concerning the patchy patterns of their structural heterogeneity. Due to variety methodological approaches applied, verification this fundamental assumption remains open. The aim study was discuss limitations associated with use moving windows overlap for delineation homogeneous patch mosaics forest ecosystems. (...