As of 1 January 1998, the celestial reference system adopted by the IAU will be based on a set of extragalactic directions, replacing the Fundamental Katalog No 5 (FK5) that gave star coordinates in a reference system (referred to as equator and equinox J2000) based primarily on the dynamics of the solar system. This change is deeper than a mere replacement of a reference system by a better one...

In this paper, we investigate a possible network solution, similar to the IGS Analysis Center solutions, that can be easily managed by a network of timing institutes to solve for all the clock differences (in addition to other quantities) in a unique system to understand the feasibility and the advantages of this approach in time and frequency transfer. The investigation is based on a tool call...

Surveying infrastructure has always relied on networks of marks in the ground. However, that approach is increasingly giving way to permanently running GPS base stations making data available for real time positioning or for Internet based post processing. The first part of this paper outlines the results of a pilot network established over South East Queensland to investigate the Virtual Refer...