The scale of entrepreneurial ecosystems (EE) assesses the perceptions about ecosystem domains, finances, capital support, support professions, policies, markets, human resources, and culture. scales are always error-prone—these must possess properties that enable them it to provide maximum information validity reliability. Convenient sampling data from (n = 474) founders, co-founders, entrepren...

This study was an attemptto provide detailed information of the strengths and weaknesses of test takers‟ real ability through cognitive diagnostic assessment, and to detect differential item functioning in each test item. The rationale for using CDA was that it estimates an item‟s discrimination power, whereas clas- sical test theory or item response theory depicts between rather within item mu...

Item response theory is usually applied to items with a selected-response format, such as multiple choice items, whereas generalizability theory is usually applied to constructed-response tasks assessed by raters. However, in many situations, raters may use rating scales consisting of items with a selected-response format. This chapter presents a short overview of how item response theory and g...

Information Systems (IS) research frequently uses survey data to measure the interplay between technological systems and human beings. Researchers have developed sophisticated procedures to build and validate multi-item scales that measure latent constructs. Most studies use classical test theory (CTT), which suffers from several theoretical shortcomings. We discuss these problems and present i...

D uring the past century, mathematics competitions have become part of the landscape in mathematics education. The first major mathematics competition in the United States began with an idea of William Lowell Putnam in 1921 [6], and the mathematics competition named in his honor has become the premier mathematics competition in the United States for undergraduates, with 508 schools and 3,640 in...