background: accurate working length determination is a pre-requisite for a successful endodontic treatment. even with improved systems of working length measurement, different readings may be recorded in different electrolytes present in the canal. the purpose of this in vivo/ex vivo comparative study was to determine the accuracy in measuring the working length of root canal using direct digit...

statement of problem: bacterial agents are the primary cause of pulpoperiapical diseases. therefore, an irrigating solution with proper antibacterial ability should be used to eliminate the bacterial agents during canal instrumentation. purpose: the aim of present study was to compare the antibacterial effect of 0.2% chlorhexidine to 0.5% sodium hypochlorite as canal irrigating solutions. mater...

BACKGROUND Although surgeons acknowledge the importance of irrigating open fracture wounds, the choice of irrigating fluid and delivery pressure remains controversial. Our objective was to clarify current opinion with regard to the irrigation of open fracture wounds. METHODS We used a cross-sectional survey and a sample-to-redundancy strategy to examine surgeons' preferences in the initial ma...

The in vitro fate of the saturated hydrocarbon fraction (SF) of Arabian Light crude oil has been studied in PVC cores filled with a coastal marine sediment defaunated by sieving. Experiments were conducted in absence or presence of polychaetes Nereis diversicolor. The luminophore tracer technique was used to quantify the mixing of sediment by worms. Presence of crude oil reduced the building of...

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of ultrasonically or laser (Nd:YAG or diode) activated irrigation on the irrigating solution extrusion compared to non-activated syringe irrigation. METHODS Extracted mandibular premolar teeth (n = 48) with single canals were instrumented. The teeth were secured through the lid of an Eppendorf tube filled with 1.0 mL distilled ...

A 2-year greenhouse study was conducted at Clemson University, Clemson, S.C., in 2003 and 2004 to determine drought responses of six bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) cultivars at four irrigation intervals. Cultivars selected from the 2002 National Turfgrass Evaluation Program Bermudagrass Trial were ‘SWI-1012’, ‘Arizona Common’, ‘Tift No.3’, ‘Tifsport’, ‘Aussie Green’, and ‘Celebration’. Treatments ...

The present research analyzed the reciprocating instrumentation associated to chlorhexidine (CHX) substantivity as its correlation with E. faecalis viability in ex vivo root canals. Eighty extracted single-rooted human teeth were used, being 40 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). In both, decoronated cervical third was prepared. CLSM anal...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the removal of smear layer from the middle and apical root thirds after use of different irrigating solutions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty roots of permanent human teeth had their canals instrumented and were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=10), according to the irrigating solution: apple vinegar (group ...