All wars generate controversy, though some more so than others. The current US-led intervention in Iraq and the catastrophic explosion of ethnic violence it incited is especially contentious. Whilst acrimonious disagreement over the raison d’etre of the Iraq war persists in capitals around the world, few deny that it has been an especially bloody and traumatic experience for Iraqi civilians. Th...

This article provides the first detailed account of recent fertility trends in Iraq, with a particular focus on the changes resulting from the 2003-2011 war and the factors underlying them. The study is based on retrospective birth history data from the 2006 and 2011 Iraq Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (I-MICS). Estimates from the two surveys indicate that total fertility remained stable fr...

Over the last few months a strong and steady expression of alarm about the humanitarian consequences of conflict in Iraq has come from the medical profession. 3 The latest report on the health impact of war in the Gulf has come from the WHO, and is a graphic illustration of the need for concern. Deterioration of public utilities, transport, and health infrastructures over the last twelve years ...

the present study concerns editing of translations in iran during the iran-iraq war,which in the official discourse of the country is known as the sacred defense. itargues that editing, in its local sense, advocated a linguistic purism inspired by aredefined nationalism, which went hand in hand with identity politics andsnowballed into a movement of resistance.

The recent war in Iraq presents significant challenges for the surveillance and control of communicable diseases. In early April 2003, the World Health Organization (WHO) sent a team of public health experts to Kuwait and a base was established in the southern Iraqi governorate of Basrah on May 3. We present the lessons learned from the communicable disease surveillance and control program impl...

this essay tries to study the reflection of iran- iraq war in four relatively important and referable encyclopedias (wikipedia, inkarta, conflicts encyclopedia, and britanica). it compares these four encyclopedias' towards the origins of the war, the aggressor, great powers' role, and its results. obviously, knowing other countries' (specially their scientific scholars') att...

I was disappointed and saddened by the carelessness of the title ‘Going to war does not have to hurt’ in the June issue of the Journal (Hacker Hughes et al, 2005). One does not even have to mention the considerable number of British casualties in Iraq to realise that this headline is completely ill thought out and a particularly misplaced euphemism that fails to appreciate that war in modern ti...

I was disappointed and saddened by the carelessness of the title ‘Going to war does not have to hurt’ in the June issue of the Journal (Hacker Hughes et al, 2005). One does not even have to mention the considerable number of British casualties in Iraq to realise that this headline is completely ill thought out and a particularly misplaced euphemism that fails to appreciate that war in modern ti...

this essay is about the iraqi nation involved in iran-iraq war and two iraq-america wars. the writer of this paper has done a wide field research among iraqi war prisoners in iran and among iraqi military refugees in other countries. he has used the statistical findings of this research to support his explanations. he has written about iraqi people motivations to take part in these wars. furthe...