learning-oriented assessment seeks to emphasise that a fundamental purpose of assessment should be to promote learning. it mirrors formative assessment and assessment for learning processes. it can be defined as actions undertaken by teachers and / or students, which provide feedback for the improvement of teaching and learning. it also contrasts with equally important measurement-focused appro...

this study compared the different effects of form-focused guided planning vs. meaning-focused guided planning on iranian pre-intermediate students’ task performance. the study lasted for three weeks and concentrated on eight english structures. forty five pre-intermediate iranian students were randomly assigned to three groups of guided planning focus-on-form group (gpfg), guided planning focus...

the following null hypothesis was proposed: there is no significant difference between the efl students listening comprehension development receiving pictorial cues and those receiving no cuse. to test the null hypothesis, 52 male and femal freshmen students of medicine studing at iran university of medical scinces were randomly selected from a total population of 72 students. to ensure that th...

abstract this study examines the relationship between reading anxiety and difficulty of texts as well as the relationship between reading anxiety and students perceived difficulty of the texts. since difficulty is a relative concept, i limited its definition by sticking to the readability formula. we also took students perceived difficulty levels into account. therefore, in the present study, ...

نابس طلاک بازطضا اب یرادییش یتخایشازف یاَدزبَار ی ٍطبار یسرزب شَیضپ هیا فدَ ٌدافتسا هتفزگ زظو رد اب تیسیج .تسا یوازیا ناسًمآ نابس نایمرد یرادییش کردی ٍجراخ زمو ی زکذم ی ثوًم دازفا رد یرادییش یتخایشازف یاَدزبَار نآ ٍجراخ نابس طلاک بازطضا ی ٌ .تسا ٌدش عقای یسرزب درًم اَ 11 ٌاگشواد ی داسآ ٌاگشواد رد لیصحت ٍب لًغشم یًجشواد ناگدییک تکزش .دودزک تکزش شَیضپ هیا رد نامزک زیَاب دیُش مراُچ ی مًس لاس نایًجشواد ٍمجزت یاَ ٍتشر رد ...

abstract poor reading comprehension can result in failure in using references, benefiting from professional gatherings and resources, keeping up with the growing body of knowledge in the virtual world of the internet, and failing to achieve in efl programs. the purpose of the present quasi-experimental study was to explore the effects of background knowledge and previewing narrative and expos...

within communicative, interactive, and learner-centered framework of language teaching and learning, students need to learn four skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing for their educational success. but of all the language skills, reading enjoys a paramount significance in so many second or foreign language academic contexts. in spite of its importance, language learners still have...