the space environment consists mainly of high-energy charged particles, such as protons, electrons and heavy ions. they are originating from several sources including galactic cosmic radiation, solar flares and van allen belts. high energy electromagnetic radiation and neutrons have also been measured on spacecraft. although shielding can reduce the effect of space radiation it cannot be elimin...

Ionizing radiation has different biological effects according to dose and dose rate. In particular, the biological effect of low-dose radiation is unclear. Low-dose whole-body gamma irradiation activates immune responses in several ways. However, the effects and mechanism of low-dose radiation on allergic responses remain poorly understood. Previously, we reported that low-dose ionizing radiati...

AIM The aim of this study is to present a literature review on the effects of the ionizing radiation from radiotherapy treatment on dental tissues. BACKGROUND Among the effects of increasing global life expectancy and longevity of the teeth in the oral cavity, increasing rates of neoplastic diseases have been observed. One of the important treatment modalities for head and neck neoplastic dis...

alzheimer’s disease, the most common type of dementia and a progressive neurode-generative disease, occurs when the nerve cells in the brain die. although there are medications that can help delay the development of alzheimer’s disease, there is cur-rently no cure for this disease. exposure to ionizing and non-ionizing radiation may cause adverse health effects such as cancer. looking at the ot...

background: all aerobically growing organisms suffer from exposure to oxidative stress, caused by partially reduced forms of molecular oxygen, known as reactive oxygen species (ros). these are highly reactive and capable of damaging cellular constituents such as dna, lipids and proteins. consequently, cells from many different organisms have evolved mechanisms to protect their components agains...

background: increasing the complexity in modern radiotherapy techniques have increased the delivery time lowering consequently the treatment efficacy. through simulating the delivery time delay encountered in such techniques, its’ effect on two cancer cell lines and the compensating doses given to prevent such effect was investigated. materials and methods: f10b16 and 4t1 cancer cell lines were...

The primary purpose of this chapter is to provide public health officials, toxicologists, and other interested individuals and groups with an overall perspective of the health physics and toxicology of ionizing radiation. It contains descriptions and evaluations of radiological and toxicological studies and epidemiologic investigations and provides conclusions, where possible, on the relevance ...

Radiation is any kind of energy transmitted without an intermediate medium. Radiant generally wave-shaped, most commonly sinusoidal. There are two types radiation: ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation. Ionizing that causes the process ejecting electrons from atoms to form ion pairs. Attention should be paid radiation, particularly its sources, types, properties, effects, methods avoida...

Fractionated, high-dose total body irradiation (TBI) is used therapeutically to myeloablate and immune suppress patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. Acute exposure to ionizing radiation can have fatal effects on the hematopoietic and immune systems. Currently, therapies aimed at ameliorating ionizing radiation-associated toxicities are limited. In the February 2014...

background: although ionizing radiation is widely used to diagnose many diseases, the relevant hazards are known to be as an important limitation of its application. it is believed that the awareness of ionizing radiation dose values is one of the main stages in patient's radiation protection. the purpose of this study has been to investigate the level of physicians' knowledge about r...