A recent article by Deng and Cai (Extending the fast multipole method for charges inside a dielectric sphere in an ionic solvent: High-order image approximations for reaction fields, to appear in J. Comput. Phys.) introduced two fourth-order image approximations to the reaction field for a charge inside a dielectric sphere immersed in a solvent of low ionic strength. To represent such a reactio...

Ferredoxin-triphosphopyridine nucleotide reductase (FTR) forms complexes with spinach ferredoxin, bacterial ferredoxin, rubredoxin, and flavodoxin. The protein-protein interactions are complete within 3 msec after mixing and the resulting complex contains 1 molecule of FTR and 1 molecule of electron carrier. Complex formation causes changes in the visible spectrum. The complexes are sensitive t...

This study is the first attempt to investigate the effect of total hardness and ionic strength on coagulation performance and the floc characteristics of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). Membrane fouling under different total hardness and ionic strength conditions was also evaluated during a coagulation-ultrafiltration (C-UF) hybrid process. Coagulation experiments were performed with two simula...

The binding of proflavine to native DNA increased its stability against thermal denaturation as measured by viscometric method. Up to a moderate ionic strength of 0.058 m , the melting temperature of the complex increased almost linearly with the increase of dye concentrations and a saturation was reached when one proflavine molecule was added per four to five DNA-Phosphates {DIP c^0 .2 ). The ...

The melting temperature of duplex DNA is much higher in polyanions than in non-ionic polymers with similar ionic strength, suggesting an additional electrostatic contribution on top of the excluded volume effect.

The efflux of salt from human red blood cells suspended in isotonic sucrose plus low concentrations of salt, was measured under steady-state conditions. The relationship between the efflux and the log of the salt concentration can be fitted by two straight lines with a sharp inflection point, the steeper slope occurring at concentrations below 0.2 mM NaCl. The determining factor in the rate of ...

Understanding anion adsorption mechanisms is necessary to allow prediction of anion adsorption behavior. This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of the triple layer model, a chemical surface complexation model, to describe the effect of changes in solution ionic strength (0.01-1.0 M NaCl) and solution pH (3-11) on B adsorption by the iron oxide, goethite, the aluminum oxide, gibbsite, ...

Since dialysis of human factor VIII against buffers of low ionic strength yielded two distinct components, and since the factor VIII fraction isolated from normal plasma showed von Willebrand factor activity as defined by the corrective effect on abnormal platelet retention and ristocetin aggregation in von Willebrand's disease, the present studies were performed to determine if the correcting ...

Solution chemistry effects on surfactant micelle formation, surfactant sorption on kaolinite, and phenanthrene partitioning to surfactant micelles and sorbed surfactants were studied. For the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), critical micelle concentration (cmc) values decreased with increasing ionic strength but were unaffected by pH changes. For the nonionic surfactant Tween 80...

Strontium is an important contaminant radionuclide at many former nuclear sites. This paper investigates the effect of changing pH and ionic strength on the sorption of Sr to a range of common soil minerals. Specifically it focuses on the sorption of Sr onto illite, chlorite, goethite, and a mixed sediment. The interplay between ionic strength and pH was determined by varying the background ion...