Since the first bronchography was performed by Chevalier Jackson’ in 1918 with the use of bismuth powder insufflated through a bronchoscope, there has been a constant search for more satisfactory bronchographic contrast media. The procedure did not gain widespread acceptance until the epoch making discovery by Sicard and Forestier2 in 1923, that Lipiodol made a satisfactory contrast medium for ...

In past decades, researchers in various countries have studied the consequences of iodine deficiency on the mental and physical development of children and adults. Iodine deficiency proved to have disastrous consequences on cognitive and psychomotor development for a limited group (i.e., DeLong 1989). These are the so-called cretins, who make up more than 10% of the population in some areas. Th...

For 30 years after the introduction of broncho-graphy by Sicard and Forestier (1922) iodized oil remained the only contrast medium in general use. During this period a large amount of information was published about the radiographic appearance of the bronchi in most varieties of chronic pulmonary disease. The literature dealing with bronchography in pulmonary tuberculosis is scanty by compariso...

Iodized salt has been an important source of dietary iodine, a trace element important for regulating human growth, development, and metabolic functions. This analysis identified iodized table salt sales as a percentage of retail salt sales using Nielsen ScanTrack. We identified 1117 salt products, including 701 salt blends and 416 other salt products, 57 of which were iodized. When weighted by...

INTRODUCTION We evaluated the effect of health education on the use of iodized salt in a remote region. METHODS We randomly selected 31 villages in teh Lotkoh tehsil of district Chitral in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. We then randomly selected 7 households from each village and inteviewed the eldest women of the family. We also tested samples of salt for iodine concentration ...

BACKGROUND Despite numerous educational programmes to create awareness about iodized salt and iodine deficiency disorders (IDD), a survey conducted in the Western Region of Ghana in 2007 revealed that the goitre rate stood at 18.8%; and 78.1% of households consumed iodized salt, which is below the goal of the IDD programme in Ghana which aimed at 90% household consumption of iodized salt by the...

BACKGROUND Salt iodization is the main strategy for reducing iodine deficiency disorders worldwide. Characteristics of families not using iodized salt need to be known to expand coverage. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine whether families who do not use iodized salt have a higher prevalence of child malnutrition and mortality and to identify factors associated with not using iodized sa...

OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to assess household coverage with iodized salt in Saudi Arabia, and to determine adequacy of salt iodization. METHODS A school-based cross-sectional study using WHO 30-cluster survey methodology. RESULTS Analysis of 4242 salt samples using qualitative rapid test kit (RTK) revealed that 68.7% (95% CI 67.3-70.1%) were iodized with significant regional diffe...

Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) Control Programme in Sudan adopted salt iodization as the long-term strategy in 1994. In 2000, it was found that less than 1% of households were using adequately-iodized salt. The objectives of this study were to: (i) study the coverage and variation of different geographical regions of Sudan regarding access to and use of iodized salt, (ii) explore the possibl...