In this paper, we describe how to construct physical computer network topologies which can support the establishment of overlays that reduce or increase the distances between nodes. Reducing pairwise distances (i.e., compression) implies that the overlay enjoys significantly lower inter-node latencies compared to the ambient physical network; such an overlay can be used to implement a “high-per...

Animal research is a vital component of US research and well-functioning animal research facilities are critical both to the research itself and to the housing and feeding of the animals. The Office of Animal Care (OAC) at Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute realized it had to improve the efficiency and safety of its animal research facility (ARF) to prepare for expansion and to adva...

In recent years, technologically advanced high-throughput techniques have been developed that replace, reduce or refine animal use in vaccine quality control tests. Following validation, these tests are slowly being accepted for use by international regulatory authorities. Because regulatory acceptance itself has not guaranteed that approved humane methods are adopted by manufacturers, various ...

Stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis using achievement functions (SMAAA) is a preference model for discrete-choice decision making that inverts the traditional goal programming process by asking what combinations of aspirations are necessary to make each alternative the preferred one, rather than what alternative is preferred given a set of aspirations. In this paper, we test the abi...

This paper examines four questions posed by economic analysis to help set priorities for government involvement with antiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV/AIDS. The main focus is on making decisions about policy relating to ARVs in developing countries where the needs are greatest and resource constraints are most binding. While the answers may vary considerably depending on individ...

various studies have been conducted to study the relationship between job involvement and organizational citizenship behavior but a very little work have been done to study the impact of both job involvement and organizational commitment on “organizational citizenship behavior”. thus the purpose of the study is to find out the relationship between job involvement, organizational commitment and ...

River rehabilitation decisions, like other decisions in environmental management, are often taken by authorities without sufficient transparency about how different goals, outcomes, and concerns were considered during the decision making process. This can lead to lack of acceptance or even opposition by stakeholders. In this paper, a concept is outlined for the use of techniques of decision ana...

the assessment of de-desertification alternatives can be effective in controlling the reclamation of disturbed landand avoiding destruction of areas at risk. until now, there has been no method to consider different criteria andalternatives, or to present the optimum alternatives based on systematic structures and experts’ perspectives.desertification is a complex process resulting from various...