While countries make use of a wide range policies to attract multinational firms, identifying the effect such is difficult. Combining firm-level data on both location these firms’ foreign affiliates and detailed service-specific information from Costa Rica’s investment promotion agency (IPA) over time, we find that IPA support significantly increases probability firm establishes its first affil...

In the past decade, the auto industries of developing countries have been transformed by trade and investment liberalisation policies and the global expansion of the auto industry. The protective instruments (tariffs, quantitative restrictions, investment controls, etc.) that once shielded most developing countries auto industries from international competition have been partially dismantled. H...

the effective factors on the economic growth of iran during the first 5-year development plan are studied. the main characteristics of this period are that the first development plan began after the end of war during which some of the unused capacities of the war period were utilized. while the budget deficit was continued in this period the government also pursued policies such as devaluation ...

BACKGROUND Although the government in England has a long-standing interest in walking promotion, this has not been accompanied by a coherent strategic plan or investment to support physical activity behaviour change. However, in 2008 the government announced its intention to invest £7 million into walking promotion. This article utilises Kingdon's Multiple Streams framework as an organising pri...