We show that in a two-dimensional σ-model whose fields only depend on one target space coordinate , the O(d, d) invariance of the conformal invariance conditions observed at one loop is preserved at two loops (in the general case with torsion) and at three loops (in the case without torsion). Duality invariance has proved to be an immensely fruitful concept in string theory. A particular aspect...

Based on representative surveys on Internet use this paper advances comparative research on the second-level digital divide by modeling Internet usage disparities for five countries with narrowing access gaps. Four core Internet usage types are constructed and predicted by sociodemographic variables in a structural model. Overall, the findings confirm the shift in the digital divide from access...

The invariance of the meaning of a λ-term by reduction/expansion w.r.t. the considered computational rules is one of the minimal requirements one expects to hold for a λ-model. Being the intersection type systems a general framework for the study of semantic domains for the Lambda-calculus, the present paper provides a characterisation of “meaning invariance” in terms of characterisation result...

In this paper, a new concept of invariance for saturated linear systems is presented. This new notion of invariance, denoted SNS-invariance, has a number of geometrical properties that makes its use suitable for the estimation of the domain of attraction of saturated systems. The notion of SNS-domain of attraction, that serves as an estimation of the domain of attraction of a saturated system, ...

The present study addresses issues of measurement invariance and comparability of factor parameters of Big Five personality adjective items across age. Data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) survey were used to investigate age-related developmental psychometrics of the MIDUS personality adjective items in 2 large cross-sectional samples (exploratory sample: N = 862; analysis sample:...

Steplength thresholds for invariance preserving of three types of discretization methods on a polyhedron are considered. For Taylor approximation type discretization methods we prove that a valid steplength threshold can be obtained by finding the first positive zeros of a finite number of polynomial functions. Further, a simple and efficient algorithm is proposed to numerically compute the ste...

We show that in a two-dimensional σ-model whose fields only depend on one target space coordinate , the O(d, d) invariance of the conformal invariance conditions observed at one loop is preserved at two loops (in the general case with torsion) and at three loops (in the case without torsion). Duality invariance has proved to be an immensely fruitful concept in string theory. A particular aspect...

Keyword: Current algebra, U(1) gauge invariance, Yangian PACS number: 03.50.-d 03.65.Fd

This article extends results described in a recent article detailing a structural scale invariance property of the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm. These extensions are based on generalizations of the SA algorithm based on Tsallis statistics and a non-extensive form of entropy. These scale invariance properties show how arbitrary aggregations of energy levels retain certain mathematical char...