Extremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1,000 g) infants have poor outcomes, often compromised by bilirubin neurotoxicity. We measured unbound bilirubin (Bf) and unbound free fatty acid (FFAu) levels in 5 ELBW infants in a trial examining the effects of pharmacologic ductal closure on infants treated with Intralipid infusion (3 g/kg/day). The levels for all infants (mean ± SD) were: total serum bili...

Plasma NEFA (non-esterified fatty acid) concentrations are elevated in patients with obesity. In the present study we first aimed to provide an integral haemodynamic profile of elevated plasma NEFAs by the simultaneous assessment of blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, FBF (forearm blood flow) and sympathetic nervous system activity during acute elevation of NEFAs. Secondly, we hypothesized tha...

Our recent in vivo observations in healthy nonobese humans have demonstrated that prolonged elevation of plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) results in diminished glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) when the FFA-mediated decrease in insulin sensitivity is taken into account. In the present study, we investigated whether obese individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes are more sensitive t...

BACKGROUND/AIM Lipid emulsions are promising as a potential new therapy for severe verapamil overdose. Our purpose is to draw attention to the choice of solution by investigating the efficacy of intralipid 20% or medialipid 20% in verapamil overdose. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control (saline; Group C), intralipid 20% (Gro...

In addition to orosensory signals, postoral actions of fat stimulate appetite and condition flavor preferences, but the gut sensors mediating these responses are unknown. Here, we investigated the role of the fatty acid sensors GPR40 and GPR120 in postoral and oral preferences for a soybean oil emulsion (Intralipid). Mice were trained to drink a flavored solution (CS+) paired with intragastric ...

The isolated perfused rat kidney (IPK) was used to study the acute effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and its metabolites (M1, M17, M18, M21 and M-COOH). GFR, renal vascular resistance, and sodium, potassium and water reabsorption were measured before and after the addition of CsA/metabolites/vehicles. There was no difference in CsA effect (mild decrease in GFR and increase in renal vascular resist...

In this work we demonstrate measurements with optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the scattering phase function in the backward direction and the scattering anisotropy parameter g. Measurements of the OCT attenuation coefficient and the backscattering amplitude are performed on calibrated polystyrene microspheres with a time-domain OCT system. From these measurements the phase function in the...

The absorption, scattering, and anisotropy coefficients of the fat emulsion Intralipid-10% have been measured at 457.9, 514.5, 632.8, and 1064 nm. The size and shape distributions of the scattering particles in Intralipid-10% were determined by transmission electron microscopy. Mie theory calculations performed by using the particle size distribution yielded values for the scattering and anisot...

Intravenous lipid solution (intralipid) provides essential substances for optimizing growth in premature infants, but has potential side effects. We investigated the effects of dermal application of sunflower-seed oil (SFSO) as a substitute for intralipid in preterm infants. This study comprised of 20 preterm infants, unable to be fed enterally divided into case and control groups of equal numb...

One of the present challenges in optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the visualization of deeper structural morphology in biological tissues. Owing to a reduced scattering, a larger imaging depth can be achieved by using longer wavelengths. In this work, we analyze the OCT imaging depth at wavelengths around 1300 nm and 1600 nm by comparing the scattering coefficient and OCT imaging depth for...