after 11 september attack, anticipatory self defense has obtained specific situation in the doctrine ,of western states. these countries with financial and military power are seeking to justify this doctrine. this type of defense is contrary to article 51 of the charter of united nations that expresses the concept of self defense. in this paper, the authors are going to verify and show that thi...

The principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN)—the International Court of Justice (ICJ)—adjudicates interstate disputes and issues advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized UN organs and specialized agencies. The Court has contributed to the peaceful resolution of disputes by delivering justice in a variety of issue areas including territorial sovereignty, marit...

The issue of “justice versus peace” has long been at the center of the controversy on international prosecutions for crimes in transitional and post-conflict societies. Opponents of international prosecutions have taken umbrage at the presumption that justice can only be rendered through criminal prosecutions by an international tribunal often far removed from local realities and voiced their c...