Zeilinger’s observation that phenomena of the Aharonov-Bohm type lead to nondispersive, i.e. energy-independent, phase shifts in interferometers is generalized in a new proof which shows that the precise condition for nondispersivity is a force-free interaction. The converse theorem is disproved by a conceptual counter example. Applications to several nondispersive interference phenomena are re...

The empirical relation between density and velocity of pedestrian movement is not completely analyzed, particularly with regard to the ‘microscopic’ causes which determine the relation at medium and high densities. The simplest system for the investigation of this dependency is the normal movement of pedestrians along a line (single-file movement). This article presents experimental results for...

Proactive interference (PI) that remains unidentified can confound the assessment of verbal learning, particularly when its effects vary from one population to another. The International Shopping List Task (ISLT) is a new measure that provides multiple forms that can be equated for linguistic factors across cultural groups. The aim of this study was to examine the build-up of PI on two measures...

Rapidly time-varying channels are a major obstacle for successful data-transmission via OFDM. The resulting loss of orthogonality among neighboring subcarriers leads to intercarrier-interference, which affects channel estimation. This in turn impedes the subsequent data detection. Literature contains numerous approaches to cope with this problem working either in timeor frequency-domain. Our co...

Background: Recently, it has been indicated that X-ray coherent scatter from biological tissues can be used to access signature of tissue. Some scientists are interested in studying this effect to get early detection of breast cancer. Since experimental methods for optimization are time consuming and expensive, some scientists suggest using simulation. Monte Carlo (MC) codes are the best...

In two experiments we provided evidence for a joint interference effect in picture naming. Participants took longer to name pictures when they believed that their partner concurrently named pictures than when they believed their partner was silent (Experiment 1) or concurrently categorized the pictures as being from the same or from different semantic categories (Experiment 2). However, picture...

In the previous two chapters we have assumed our systems to be ideal without any interchannel interference. In this chapter we analyze the effects of interchannel interference on the performance of the receiver. The model assumed is that of rectangular spectra with spacing of channels less than channel width so that there is some overlap. It is shown that some overlap in the system is acceptabl...