Human-chosen text passwords, today’s dominant form of authentication, are vulnerable to guessing attacks. Unfortunately, existing approaches for evaluating password strength by modeling adversarial password guessing are either inaccurate or orders of magnitude too large and too slow for real-time, client-side password checking. We propose using artificial neural networks to model text passwords...

The Shannon cipher system is studied in the context of general sources using a notion of computational secrecy introduced by Merhav & Arikan. Bounds are derived on limiting exponents of guessing moments for general sources. The bounds are shown to be tight for iid, Markov, and unifilar sources, thus recovering some known results. A close relationship between error exponents and correct decoding...

Two contrasting problem solving episodes are presented in which a pre-algebra student uses systematic guessing and checking to solve algebra word problems with the underlying structure: “For a given y, m, and b, find x such that y=mx+b.” The first episode illustrates how the student initially engages in systematic guessing and checking organized in a table (a “Guess and Check chart”) to converg...

lighting plays a key role in night escapes of urban spaces, in a way that it can be effective in giving identity to them. by considering this importance and inexistence of a process for composing urban lighting strategy made this study to be conducted by the objective of providing process for compilation of context-oriented lighting strategy in urban spaces. reaching a suitable solution for lig...

A source sequence is to be guessed with some fidelity based on a rate-limited description of an observed which it correlated. The tension between the rate and exponential growth power mean required number guesses quantified. This can viewed as guessing version classical indirect-rate-distortion problem Dobrushin-Tsybakov’62 Witsenhausen’80. Judicious choices correlated sequence, r...

Lighting plays a key role in night escapes of urban spaces, in a way that it can be effective in giving identity to them. By considering this importance and inexistence of a process for composing urban Lighting strategy made this study to be conducted by the objective of providing process for compilation of context-oriented lighting strategy in urban spaces. Reaching a suitable solution for Li...