An ecological model describing the competition for a single substrate of an arbitrary number of species is considered. The mortality rates of the species are not supposed to have all the same value and the growth function of the substrate is not supposed to be linear or decreasing. Intra-specific competition is taken into account. Under additional technical assumptions, we establish that the mo...

background: bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bap) is synthesized by the osteoblasts and is presumed to be involved in the calcification of bone matrix, though its precise role in the formation process is unknown. the aim of the present study was to measure the bap activity in paget's and normal specimens by two different techniques. methods: total alp (tap) as well as bap activity-measu...

Vernonia galamensis Cass is a huge potential industrial crop with very high content of vernolic acid in the seed oil. The experiment was carried out to determine the effect of inter- and intra- row spacing on the yield and yield related traits of Vernonia galamensis Cas.The experiment was conducted for two years during 2014-2015 on experimental field of Wondo Genet Agricultural research center,...

purposes: the aim of this study was to evaluate the intra and inter-examiner reliability and reproducibility of linear measurements in cone-beam tomography (cbct) images taken by calibrated radiologists and periodontists. materials and methods: the alveolar ridge dimensions in selected cbct images were measured by two calibrated radiologists and two periodontists. intra and inter-examiner relia...

An optimization analysis of human behavior from a comparative perspective can improve our understanding of the adaptiveness of human nature. Intra-specific competition for resources provides the main selective pressure for the evolution of violent aggression toward conspecifics, and variation in the fitness benefits and costs of aggression can account for inter-specific and inter-individual dif...

(1,2) In this theoretical study, we apply MesoFON, a field-calibrated individual-based model of mangrove forest dynamics, and its Lotka–Volterra interpretations to address two questions: (a) Do the dynamics identical red species that compete for light resources avoid inter-specific competition by lateral crown displacement follow predictions classical theory or resource theory? (b) Which mechan...

It remains unclear how global climate change affects dioecious plants that may be especially vulnerable to drivers, because they often exhibit skewed sex ratios and eco-physiological specialization in certain microhabitats. In this study, female male saplings of Populus cathayana were employed explore sex-specific responses the effects sexual competition under elevated temperature (ET), CO2 (EC...