This paper introduces tabu search for the solution of general linear integer problems. Search is done on integer variables; if there are continuous variables, their corresponding value is determined through the solution of a linear program, which is also used to evaluate the integer solution. The complete tabu search procedure includes an intensification and diversification procedure, whose eff...

Terms such as exploitation, exploration, intensification and diversification are routinely employed in the metaheuristic literature to explain empirical runtime performance. Six prevalent views on exploitation and exploration are identified in the literature, each expressing a different aspect of these notions. The consistency and meaningfulness of these views are substantiated by their deducib...

In this paper, a differential evolution (DE) algorithm combined with Lévy flight is proposed to solve the reliability redundancy allocation problems. The Lévy flight is incorporated to enhance the ability of global search of differential evolution algorithm. DE is used for local search mainly. The method considers the trade-off of the diversification and the intensification simultaneously. Expe...

Molecular phylogenies have been used to study the diversification of many clades. However, current methods for inferring diversification dynamics from molecular phylogenies ignore the possibility that clades may be decreasing in diversity, despite the fact that the fossil record shows this to be the case for many groups. Here we investigate the molecular phylogenetic signature of decreasing div...

Worldwide, human appropriation of ecosystems is disrupting plant-pollinator communities and pollination function through habitat conversion and landscape homogenisation. Conversion to agriculture is destroying and degrading semi-natural ecosystems while conventional land-use intensification (e.g. industrial management of large-scale monocultures with high chemical inputs) homogenises landscape ...

Recent adaptive memory and evolutionary metaheuristics for mixed integer programming have included proposals for introducing inequalities and target objectives to guide the search. These guidance approaches are useful in intensification and diversification strategies related to fixing subsets of variables at particular values, and in strategies that use linear programming to generate trial solu...