Two ten-members ensemble experiments using a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model are performed to study the dynamical response to a strong westerly wind event (WWE) when the tropical Pacific has initial conditions favourable to the development of a warm event. In the reference ensemble (CREF), no wind perturbation is introduced, whereas a strong westerly wind event anomaly is int...

Locust phase polymorphism is an extreme example of behavioral plasticity; in response to changes in population density, locusts dramatically alter their behavior. These changes in behavior facilitate the appearance of various morphological and physiological phase characteristics. One of the principal behavioral changes is the more intense flight behavior and improved flight performance of grega...

In late 2007, after signing the Kyoto Protocol, a new Australian federal government committed to generating 20% of Australia's electricity from renewable energy by 2020, for a transition to a low-carbon economy. With wind energy the most viable technology for such expansion, little recognition, however, was paid to intense social conflict surrounding wind farm location. By 2006, inadequate comm...

In this paper, we present a new approach for detecting potentially damaging European winter windstorms from a multi-variable perspective. European winter windstorms being usually associated with extra-tropical cyclones (ETCs), there is a coupling between the intensity of the surface wind speeds and other meso-scale and large-scale features characteristic of ETCs. Here we focus on the relative v...

A neutrally stratified turbulent airflow over a very young sea surface at a high-wind condition was investigated using large-eddy simulations. In such a state, the dominant drag at the sea surface occurs over breaking waves, and the relationship between the dominant drag and local instantaneous surface wind is highly stochastic and anisotropic. To model such a relationship, a bottom boundary st...

Large-eddy simulation (LES) is used to investigate how dominant breaking waves in the ocean under hurricane-force winds affect the drag and near-surface airflow turbulence. The LES explicitly resolves the wake turbulence produced by dominant-scale breakers. Effects of unresolved roughness such as short breakers, nonbreaking waves, and sea foam are modeled as the subgrid-scale drag. Compared to ...

in this research paper, a 10 minute period measured wind speed data at 10 m, 30 m, and 40 m heights are presented for one of the major provinces of iran. four stations in khuzestan- abadan, hosseyneh, mahshahr, and shushtar- are analyzed to determine the potential of wind power generation in this province. from the primary evaluation and by determining mean wind speed and also the weibull funct...

Surface pressure decreases of up to 20 hPa occurred over much of the Antarctic continent during a 4-day midwinter period of 1988. The widespread change in the pressure field accompanied intense cyclonic activity to the north of the ice sheet. The equatorward mass transport across the Antarctic coastline resulted in a redistribution of atmospheric pressure that extended to the subtropics of the ...