It is not yet understood how the molecular mechanisms controlling the release of neuropeptides differ from those controlling the release of classical transmitters, mainly because there are few peptidergic synapses in which the environment at the presynaptic release sites can be manipulated. Using Aplysia californica neuron B2, which synthesizes both peptide and classical transmitters, we have e...

A Sensor area network can be a vast network with thousands of nodes and because of this the work load over the network increases in terms of transmitted signals. In the grid network, one side contains the transmitters and other side contains the transceivers. As the generic approach the routing algorithm will use the shortest path approach for transmitting data over the network. In such type of...

The majority of smart field devices installed worldwide today are HART-enabled. The HART (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer) Protocol is the global standard for sending and receiving digital information across analog wires between smart devices and control or monitoring system. It is a bi-directional communication protocol that provides data access between intelligent field instruments and ...

Intelligent lighting systems employ dimmable luminaires, photosensors, and occupancy sensors to adapt to daylight and user presence conditions in indoor environments. By providing the illumination required for users and no more, significant energy savings can be made. The state of the art in these lighting systems currently relies on dedicated communication hardware such as radio networking mod...

one of the recent inquiries in the field of hadith studies is the investigation of transferred traditions and their causes and impacts on shi‘i hadith circles. by exploring some traditions in the hadith collection of al-shaykh al-saduq and comparing the textual similarities and also the chain of transmitters, this research attempts to show that traditions of jewish origin in the shi‘i hadith ci...

sezgin argued that written documents were used from early on and although collectors transmitted their works orally but extracted hadiths from written sources. according to him the isnads contain the name of authors and the authoritative transmitters of the books. also he proposed a method based on isnad analysis to single out the sources of a collector and to reconstruct the early lost works. ...

In this paper, the paradigm of thermal noise communication (TherCom) is put forward for future wired/wireless networks with extremely low power consumption. Taking backscatter (BackCom) and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-based radio frequency chain-free transmitters one step further, a noise-driven transmitter might enable zero-signal-power transmission by simply indexing resistors or...

Ultra-wideband radio (UWB) is a rapidly developing wireless technology that promises unprecedented data rates for short-range commercial radios, combined with precise locationing and high energy efficiency. These benefits stem from the use of wide bandwidths and impulse signaling, implying high channel capacity and precise time resolution. UWB has been used for military radar and imaging since ...