D. D. Palmer's concept of innate intelligence was introduced to the fledgling chiropractic profession in 1904. 'It has been a source of division and derision to the profession since that time because of its religious content. Innate philosophy, although unique to chiropractic, was largely a refabrication of common turn-of-the century religious and philosophical beliefs. The origin and developme...

Anxiety keeps students from learning and performing well, especially on the exams. It has been hypothesized that perfectionism and spiritual intelligence can affect anxiety and its management. To verify this relationship from among 3000 high school students in Babol, a sample of 342 students was selected using cluster sampling method. Utilizing known instruments data were collected and then ana...

Social Computing (SC) requires agents to reason seamlessly both on their social relationships and on their goals, beliefs. We claim the need to explicitly represent the social state and social relationships as resources, available to agents. We built a framework, based on JaCaMo, where this vision is realized and SC is implemented through social commitments and commitment protocols. 1998 ACM Su...

Conspiracy theory (CT) beliefs can be harmful. How is it possible to reduce them effectively? Three reduction strategies were tested in an online experiment using general and well-known CT beliefs on a comprehensive randomly assigned Hungarian sample (N = 813): exposing rational counter CT arguments, ridiculing those who hold CT beliefs, and empathizing with the targets of CT beliefs. Several r...

Mind-sets are beliefs regarding the malleability of self-attributes. Research suggests they are domain-specific, meaning that individuals can hold a fixed (immutability) mind-set about one attribute and a growth (malleability) mind-set about another. Although mind-set specificity has been investigated for broad attributes such as personality and intelligence, less is known about mental health m...