In 2017, the Affordable Care Act’s nongroup marketplaces saw premium increases averaging 21 percent, with substantially higher increases in some states.1 For the 2017 plan year, several insurers left the individual marketplaces (and, in some cases, individual markets as a whole), creating many more rating regions with only one or two insurers. These rating regions, as a result, have little insu...

Insolvencies of life insurers in Europe have been virtually nonexistent. The deregulation of European markets, however, is likely to dramatically alter that situation. The goal of this study is two-fold: first, to identify significant variables in the early detection of financially distressed life insurers; and second, to consider the importance of these variables to the evaluation of life insu...

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) set limits on insurers' overhead, mandating a medical loss ratio (MLR) of at least 80 percent in the individual and small-group markets and 85 percent in the large-group market starting in 2011. In implementing the law, the Obama administration introduced new rules that changed (and inflated) how insurers calculate MLRs, distorting time trend...

Policy analysts consider the Netherlands health system a possible model for the United States. Since 2006 all Dutch citizens have to buy standardized individual health insurance coverage from a private insurer. Consumers have an annual choice among insurers, and insurers can selectively contract or integrate with health care providers. Subsidies make health insurance affordable for everyone. A ...

This article presents a model to analyze consumer welfare, price, and competition in a three-way market among consumers, medical providers, and insurers. While insurers compete with each other for customers, they also act as collective bargaining agents on behalf of consumers in determining the equilibrium price of health care with providers. The entry of an additional insurer thus has contradi...

This paper examines a public option competing alongside private insurers in Medicare Part D. We estimate a random coefficient demand system and oligopoly supply-side model with endogenous premium subsidies and risk adjustment payments. If the public option does not affect health risk sorting, counterfactual results show modest competitive benefits. However, increased subsidy payments eliminate ...

Predictive genetic testing poses fundamental questions for disability insurance, a crucial resource funding basic needs when disability prevents income from work. This article, from an NIH-funded project, presents the first indepth analysis of the challenging issues: Should disability insurers be permitted to consider genetics and exclude predicted disability? May disabilities with a recognized...

In this paper, we investigate a non-zero-sum stochastic differential reinsurance-investment game problem between two insurers. Both insurers can purchase proportional reinsurance and invest in financial market that contains risk-free asset risky asset. We consider the insurers' wealth processes with delay to characterize bounded memory feature. For considering effec...

 Women at high risk for developing breast cancer.  Gene mutation carriers (BRCA 1 & 2)  1 degree relative of BRCA carrier, but untested  20-25% lifetime risk due to family history  Radiation to chest between ages 10-30 years  Women with a metastatic axillary node adenocarcinoma with an unknown primary.  Rare <1% breast cancers  Typically from ipsilateral breast and not identified on cli...