This study examines inter-brand, intra-brand and intra-model variations in volatile organic chemical (VOC) levels inside new cars. The effect of temperature on interior VOC levels was examined using model automobiles with and without the air-conditioning running. Potential sources of VOC were assessed by comparing VOC levels with two interior trims (leather and fabric) and by analyzing VOC emis...

In this paper, the methodology of aircraft air distribution system has been analyzed theoretically and experimentally. To achieve that, ducting pressure loss and air flow throw gaspers calculations has been done for cabin ducts in according to exact location of individual air distribution system in the cabin. The length of gasper air flow was compared with the distance between gasper outlet and...

The climate control load is the most significant auxiliary loads present in vehicles today. The peak climate control load of an AC system in sedan can be as large as the engine input power. As the attention on vehicle energy economy is rising worldwide, the energy-saving of mobile air conditioning is becoming more and more important. Most mobile AC systems nowadays draw air from outside the veh...

In this paper, electromagnetic field (EMF) distributions excited by mobile radio inside an aircraft cabin are analyzed and propagation characteristics are evaluated based upon the analysis results. Wireless communication devices usage has extended to a wide range of environments such as buses, trains, and aircrafts. Recently, some airlines have begun allowing in-flight voice calls. On the other...

INTRODUCTION Ultraviolet phototherapy (UVP) is widely used in dermatological practice for the treatment of various skin diseases. Numerous studies support its beneficial curing effectiveness; however, overexposure to ultraviolet radiation can cause adverse health effects, such as sunburn reaction, erythema response, cataract, skin aging, etc. For these reasons, it is of special importance to mo...

The objectives of the present study were to define the lowest ambient air and cabin temperatures at which aircrews wearing immersion protection are starting to experience thermal discomfort and heat stress during flight operations, and to characterize during a flight simulation in laboratory, the severity of the heat stress during exposure to a typical northern summer ambient condition (25 degr...