Animal toxin envenomations have medical as well as ecological significance. Toxin-producing animals are categorized under either venomous group or poisonous group. Venomous animals are capable of producing and delivering the toxin during a biting or stinging act whereas poisonous animals are those whose tissues, either in whole or in part, are toxic. [1] About 75% of the world’s animal species ...

In recent years, the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), became a major public health concern in urban communities. Bed bugs are notoriously difficult to control, and their bites are not tolerated by most people. The public has an urgent need for materials and methods to reduce bed bug introduction and bites during work, travel, or sleep. A repellent product will help a...

b a ckground : scorpion sting is a major health problem in iran. the aim of current study was to measure the inci- dence rates of scorpion stings, mortality, recovery, and affected age groups. the results of treatment with and with out anti venom also were considered in the entire country during 2009 . m e t hods: all the data were collected from emergency section of different hospitals and the...

We aim to assess the demographic, clinical manifestation and management of insect-stung patients. About 783 (46% male; 95% expatriate workers) records of Al-Ain hospital patients were analyzed. According to Muller classification, class I severity was common in the youngest age group. Majority (56.9%) of the subjects had class III severity. Multi-variate analysis confirmed that significantly les...

OBJECTIVES To identify the main clinical manifestations, triggers, and treatment of severe allergic reactions (SAR) in children and adolescents (n=191, up to 18 years of age) seen by allergologists and registered in the Online Latin American Survey of Anaphylaxis (OLASA). RESULTS 53.0% of the patients were males and the aetiological agent was identified in 85.5% of them as follows: foods (36....

H1-antihistamines are widely used for the treatment of allergic disorders, both systemically and topically. Topically, they are used on the skin for general itch relief, and in the eye or nose for mucosal complaints. Hypersensitivity to topical antihistamines is often not suspected, because of their use as ‘anti-allergic medications’. There are a few reports describing hypersensitivity to topic...

Background Ingredients of aloe vera leaves are being increasingly used for their anti-inflammatory and slimming properties. However, serious allergic reactions are very rare and only occasionally reported. Here, we present an eleven year old girl with anaphylaxis within minutes after topical administration of aloe vera to a skin lesion. On admission, the girl showed no signs of respiratory or c...

Background: Polygonum bistorta has been used as a remedy for jaundice, smallpox, pimples, measles, cholera, diarrhoea, dysentery, expelling worms, insect stings and snakebites. In this study, the crude extract from P. two fractions viz. hexane chloroform obtained were studied their median Lethal Dosages (LD50) in Swiss albino mice. Methods: Powdered rhizomes of was macerated with dissolved solv...

Leafminer (Liriomyza langei Frick) is a major pest that causes considerable damage to a wide variety of vegetable crops including lettuce, and resistant cultivars remain the most economic means of insect control. Eighty-four lettuce cultivars and introduction lines were grown in an insect cage with eight replications for resistance screening. Leafminer flies were released in the cage to feed on...