one of the major problems in data envelopment analysis (dea) is to determine the projection of inefficient decision making units (dmus) into the efficient frontier. in conventional dea models, inputs and outputs of inefficient dmus alter arbitrarily for reaching to the efficient frontier. nevertheless, sometimes the ability of dmus is defined and restricted. moreover, there are situations in th...

eat is a new package for R that includes functions to estimate production frontiers and technical efficiency measures through non-parametric techniques based upon regression trees. The specifically implements the main algorithms associated with recently introduced methodology estimating of set decision-making units in Economics Engineering Machine Learning techniques, called Efficiency Analysis...

this research identifies returns to scale (rts) of efficient decision making units (dmus) with desirable (good) and undesirable (bad) inputs and outputs by presenting a new dea (data envelopment analysis) approach. in this study, we first introduce a new input-output oriented model to determine efficient dmus in the presence of undesirable factors and then, returns to scale of these dmus are es...

Notions of weak and strong fairness are studied in the setting of the I/O automaton model of Lynch & Tuttle. The concept of a fair I/O automaton is introduced and it is shown that a fair I/O automaton paired with the set of its fair executions is a live I/O automaton provided that (1) in each reachable state at most countably many fairness sets are enabled, and (2) input actions cannot disable ...

Abstract: In DEA, there are typically two schemes for measuring efficiency of DMUs; radial and non-radial. Radial models assume proportional change of inputs/outputs and usually remaining slacks are not directly accounted for inefficiency. On the other hand, non-radial models deal with slacks of each input/output individually and independently, and integrate them into an efficiency measure, cal...

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a linear programming methodology to evaluate the relative technical efficiency for each member of a set of peer decision making units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. It has been widely used to measure performance in many areas. A weakness of the traditional DEA model is that it cannot deal with negative input or output values. There have been...

In 1977, the United States Department of Agriculture and the Canadian Department of the Environment agreed to cooperate in an expanded and accelerated research and development effort, the Canada /United States Spruce Budworms Program (CANUSA), aimed at the spruce budworm in the East and the western spruce budworm in the West. The objective of CAN USA was to design and evaluate strategies for co...

This study builds on Laufer and Hulstijn’s (2001) motivational-cognitive construct of task-induced involvement in learning vocabulary and addresses itself to its strong claim that the depth of processing is the overriding factor in learning words. The paper first re-examines the effect of processing load and then of task type on the initial learning and retention of words. To do so, 60 EFL lear...