Calls by Lilienfeld, Fraser, and others some three decades ago to introduce epidemiology into undergraduate college education remain largely unfulfilled. Consideration of epidemiology as a "liberal art" has also led to exploring possibilities for introducing epidemiology into early education: to high and even middle schools. Adding epidemiology to school curricula should help educate the public...

Tetanus is an important disease which created by tetanospasmin toxin of Clostridium tetani. In this study we surveyed six important factors including LF, KF, MLD, pH, OD and total protein assay of Harvard 52 (H52), G5 (HG5) and 49205 (H49205) strains of the bacterium to determine which of them were more suitable for use in vaccine production. The mentioned strains were seperatedly reactivated i...

Pakistan is planning to induce COVID-19 vaccine jabs 70% of its population by the end year 2021. Myths, conspiracy theories, disinformation, stigma among people are major impediments in this social welfare drive. The government has initiated vaccination process from February 2021 different phases. In first phase, front-line health workers were planned be vaccinated.1 According a report, 142,135...

Since the emergence of first Ni-based filler metals in end 1940s, formation brittle phases due to metalloids Si, B, and P has been a major challenge. A new approach selectively manipulate microstructure brazing joints with alloys is inoculate alloy Ti. The aim this study characterize influence Ti on melting behavior brazeability brazed consisting hot-work tool steel X38CrMoV5-1 inoculated Ni-ba...

Background. Global soybean production is expected to double in the coming decades, driven by a request for animal feed meet increasing meat consumption. Demand locally produced food and also increasing, making it interesting explore potential high-latitude regions. Scope. To present information on cultivating vegetable soybean, edamame, under cold-temperate conditions. Conclusions. For successf...

Four commercial kits, Oxi/Ferm (OF), API 20E (AP), Minitek (MT; BBL Microbiology Systems), and Flow N/F (NF), were evaluated, without additional tests, for identification of 258 gram-negative nonfermentative rods. OF and MT were read after 48 h of incubation, and AP and NF were read after both 24 and 48 h of incubation, respectively. Overall, OF correctly identified 51% of strains, with 46% as ...

Hydrogels have shown great potential for cartilage tissue engineering applications due to their capability to encapsulate cells within biomimetic, 3-dimensional (3D) microenvironments. However, the multi-step fabrication process that is necessary to produce cell/scaffold constructs with defined dimensions, limits their off-the-shelf translational usage. In this study, we have developed a hybrid...

tetanus is an important disease which created by tetanospasmin toxin of clostridium tetani. in this study we surveyed six important factors including lf, kf, mld, ph, od and total protein assay of harvard 52 (h52), g5 (hg5) and 49205 (h49205) strains of the bacterium to determine which of them were more suitable for use in vaccine production. the mentioned strains were seperatedly reactivated i...