Heat is the enemy of stability, and nowhere is this more true than in living cells, whose delicately folded proteins fall apart as temperatures rise. To combat this crisis, cells mount a ‘‘heat shock response,’’ a central feature of which is the coordinated production of chaperone proteins, to refold proteins that can be salvaged, and proteases, to degrade those that can’t. In the Escherichia c...

Introduction: Bacteria have at least one sigma factor (σ-factor) that transcribes the genes required for cell viability. Usually, transcription of σ-factors occurs and changes in response to a variety of environmental stresses. Expression of σ-factors is one of the strategies which is used in response to different stress conditions. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects...

To examine the amplification of the effects of low-frequency electric fields due to the junction between the cells, the amplitude of transmembrane potential P(TMP0), the time-averaged normal stress sigma(n) and the outward force density sigma(out) on the shell-phase, and the squared intensity I(ee) of electric fields in the inner and the outer phases induced by uniform external ac fields were c...

A vector eld on a connected Lie group is said to be linear if its ow is a one parameter group of automorphisms. A control-a ne system is linear if the drift is linear and the controlled vector elds right invariant. The controllability properties of such systems are studied, mainly in the case where the derivation of the group Lie algebra that can be associated to the linear vector eld is inner....

We define a noncommutative differential calculus constructed from the inner derivation, then several relevant examples are showed. It is of interest to note that for certain C∗-algebra, this calculus is closely related to the classical one when the algebra associates a deformation parameter. Introduction Noncommutative geometry is developed by Alain Connes. In his work [8], the cyclic cohomolog...

We derive the asymptotic Bethe ansatz (AFS equations [1]) for the string on S ×R sector of AdS5 ×S5 from the integrable nonhomogeneous dynamical spin chain for the string sigma model proposed in [2]. It is clear from the derivation that AFS equations can be viewed only as an effective model describing a certain regime of a more fundamental inhomogeneous spin chain. Membre de l’Institut Universi...

We give a different derivation of a relation obtained using a supersymmetric nonlinear sigma model by Andreev and Altshuler [Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 902 (1995)], which connects smooth and oscillatory components of spectral correlation functions. We show that their result is not specific to the random matrix theory. Also, we show that despite an apparent contradiction, the results obtained using th...

abstract. let r be a 2-torsion free ring with identity. in this paper, first we prove that any jordan left derivation (hence, any left derivation) on the full matrix ringmn(r) (n  2) is identically zero, and any generalized left derivation on this ring is a right centralizer. next, we show that if r is also a prime ring and n  1, then any jordan left derivation on the ring tn(r) of all n×n up...

This paper investigates an online gradient method with innerpenalty for a novel feed forward network it is called pi-sigma network. This network utilizes product cells as the output units to indirectly incorporate the capabilities of higherorder networks while using a fewer number of weights and processing units. Penalty term methods have been widely used to improve the generalization performan...