Multiple binding sites for an initiator protein are a common feature of replicator sequences from various organisms. By binding to the replicator, initiators mark the site and contribute to melting or distortion of the DNA by largely unknown mechanisms. Here we analyze origin of DNA replication (ori) binding by the E1 initiator and show sequential binding to a set of overlapping binding sites. ...

kinetics of radical polymerizations of waterborne alkyd/acrylic hybrid resin via batch mini-emulsion technique was studied using redox initiators (tbhp/fe2+/edta/asac  and  tbhp/fe2+/edta/sfs) at relatively low temperatures and thermal initiators (bpo, kps and aibn) at higher temperatures to seek the most suitable initiator system. at the end of all reactions the unreacted monomer content was r...

Micropatterns of fibroblast and hippocampal neurons are generated on a single-layered graphene substrate. A large-area (1 cm × 1 cm) graphene film on Si/SiO2 is functionalized by surface-initiated ATRP of non-biofouling oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, after grafting of the polymerization initiator bearing α-bromoisobutylate via photoreaction of the perfluorophenyl azide group. The microcon...

The UV radiation method is a suitable method for grafting processes. Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide was successfully grafted onto a polystyrene surface with benzophenone initiator under UV radiation. In this study, grafted polystyrene was exposed to microwave plasma treatment with oxygen gas. The ATR-FTIR analysis showed the existence of the graft poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAAm) on the surface...

Free radicals in polymers are produced during synthesis and interaction with catalysts, initiator of chemical reactions, fillers, stabilizers, and other substances which as chemically or physically active remain dissolved in condensed phase of final product. Also γ irradiation causes both immediate and time dependent changes which arise from the presence of long living free radicals. The free r...

The utilization of sunlight to conduct chemistry has been on a stark rise in the era sustainability. A similar trend is observed polymer science, mainly initiate polymerization and modify materials, but mostly relying soluble initiator/activator molecules. Semiconductors, other hand, grant platform for “photoredox” induced chemical pathways, so that reductive oxidative reactions (as well as rad...

1. Unsubstituted 6-membered aromatic ring systems (fused, unfused, or mixed) chrysene mutagenic initiator carcinogenic pyrene co-carcinogen mutagenic benzo[a]pyrene mutagenic carcinogenic fetotoxic teratogenic benzo[e]pyrene carcinogenic mutagenic benzo[a]anthracene mutagenic carcinogenic benzo[c]phenanthrene initiator mutagenic naphthalene inhibitor phenanthrene initiator mutagenic anthracene ...

Chitosan based membranes to be applied on wound healing as topical drug delivery systems were developed by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) onto chitosan using cerium ammonium nitrate as chemical initiator. Evidence for graft copolymerization of the vinyl monomers onto chitosan was obtained by FTIR and DMTA. Swelling degree, cytotoxicity, thromb...

Initiator tRNAs are used exclusively for initiation of protein synthesis and not for the elongation step. We show, in vivo and in vitro, that the primary sequence feature that prevents the human initiator tRNA from acting in the elongation step is the nature of base pairs 50:64 and 51:63 in the TpsiC stem of the initiator tRNA. Various considerations suggest that this is due to sequence-depende...

Homogeneous DNA polymerase (“reverse transcriptase”) from avian myeloblastosis virus was assayed for exodeoxyribonuclease activity. The substrates were defined template. initiator complexes in which different radioactive nucleotides were present at the 3’-OH termini of the initiator. Even when the number of molecules of enzyme was equal to the number of initiator termini, there was no significa...