This paper investigates learner-initiated responses to English language teachers’ referential questions and learner initiatives after teachers’ feedback moves in meaning-focused question-answer sequences to analyze how interactional practices of language teachers, their initiation and feedback moves, facilitate learner initiatives. Classroom discourse research has largely neglected learner init...

Background: The study aimed to evaluate the interval between first drug use and regular injection and factors associated with transition from first injection into premature regular injection among people who inject drugs (PWIDs).Methods: In a multicenter cross-sectional study, we recruited 400 PWIDs using snowball sampling. Age of first drug use, age of initiation of regular injection, and demo...

conclusions in issns, bone strength recovered one month after terminating stx. in igan, bone strength recovered 10 months after tapering of stx. results in issns, the bmd and s-alp levels were significantly lower in phase 1 than in phase 0; however, scores and levels returned to baseline in phase 2. in igan, bmd was significantly lower in phase 2 than in phase 0 while s-alp levels were signific...

In this study, it was surveyed to know whether an oral single dose of oleuropein could mimic the cardiac preconditioning in rats’ hearts or whether its prolonged oral administration could protect the heart against the aconitine-induced arrhythmia in rats. Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into two series (n = 8 in each group). In the first series, all groups (except the control (Con) group) ...

Converting chemical energy into electricity is done by an electro-chemical device known as a fuel cell. Thermal stress is caused at high operating temperature between 700 oC to 1000 oC of SOFC. Thermal stress causes gas escape, structure variability, crack initiation, crack propagation, and cease operation of the SOFC before its lifetime. The aim of this study is to presen...

Mammalian mitochondrial translational initiation factor 3 (IF3(mt)) promotes initiation complex formation on mitochondrial 55S ribosomes in the presence of IF2(mt), fMet-tRNA and poly(A,U,G). The mature form of IF3(mt) is predicted to be 247 residues. Alignment of IF3(mt) with bacterial IF3 indicates that it has a central region with 20-30% identity to the bacterial factors. Both the N- and C-t...

Eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) is a 12-subunit protein complex that plays a central role in binding of initiator methionyl-tRNA and mRNA to the 40 S ribosomal subunit to form the 40 S initiation complex. The molecular mechanisms by which eIF3 exerts these functions are poorly understood. To learn more about the structure and function of eIF3 we have expressed and purified individual huma...

Bacterial translation initiation factor 2 (IF2) is a GTPase that promotes the binding of the initiator fMet-tRNA(fMet) to the 30S ribosomal subunit. It is often assumed that IF2 delivers fMet-tRNA(fMet) to the ribosome in a ternary complex, IF2.GTP.fMet-tRNA(fMet). By using rapid kinetic techniques, we show here that binding of IF2.GTP to the 30S ribosomal subunit precedes and is independent of...