I discuss how aid can support growth in small, isolated economies. Small markets frustrate scale economies and competition. Combined with high transport costs, essential inputs become prohibitively expensive. Breaking the coordination problem requires pioneering investment. Since this generates externalities it will be undersupplied. Donors have both the finance and the long-term relationships ...

China has become a global leader in green infrastructure finance, investing heavily renewable energy, sustainable transportation, and buildings. However, there are multiple risks challenges that impede the development of finance. Thus, this study analyzes prioritizes associated with finance proposes policy plans to mitigate these risks. A Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is used identif...

The Sustainable Development Goals have intensified calls for private finance to address a so-called financing gap. This paper provides critical assessment of the promotion in infrastructure, assessing two public–private partnerships (PPPs), celebrated their success mobilising funds: road Senegal and hospital Brazil. While these projects may had some positive outcomes, apparent relies on extensi...

Information tecbnology (IT) infrastructure investments are an extremely important part of e-business and constitute a major portion of IT investments in many organizations. IT infrastructure investments include investments in connectivity, systems integration, and data storage tbat may be used by multiple applications. Prior researcb has recognized tbe importance of a flexible IT infrastructure...

The infrastructure networks of greatest importance to national security and stability include telecommunications, electrical power systems, gas and oil, banking and finance, transportation, water supply systems, government and emergency services. After the September 11, 2001 WTC attack, more sensors and surveillance systems are being deployed to monitor these critical infrastructures. While the...