Web-based learning programs enable learners to browse web pages individually through a predefined path or a personalized routine. However, they provide less social context and cooperative context for cooperation. The main idea presented in this poster is the concept of “informal cooperative learning program”. It is defined as a set of structured learning steps. Learners can go through all steps...

PURPOSE This study evaluated how levels of social participation change as a result of late-life widowhood. Social participation is a multidimensional construct incorporating both formal (e.g., meeting attendance, religious participation, and volunteer obligations) and informal (e.g., telephone contact and social interactions with friends) social roles. DESIGN AND METHODS Using data from the C...

The ethnographic study presented aims at highlight how nursing is carried out in practice. Cooperative informal practices in nurses daily work are described considering their relation to nurse professional mandate. The role of locally designed organizational artifacts and their relation with articulation work is exploited and, starting from the analysis of these informal tools, leading criterio...

the main objective of this study was to investigate the understanding of relationship between social capital and participation in sports activities. the study was descriptive and methods of data collection and field measurement tool were made by the researcher as questionnaires. the population of the study, all women over 18 years old and lived in iran, was 164, 535 people. the sample size was ...

OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of a consumer-directed personal assistance services (CDPAS) program on the lives of persons with disabilities. METHODS Thirteen individuals receiving paid agency-directed PAS services before enrollment in a CDPAS program (Agency Group) and 40 individuals receiving only unpaid PAS before enrollment (Informal Group) participated in this prospective study. In-hom...

Structural equation modeling was used to test a theoretically based model of environmental, family, and child factors as determinants of the leisure and recreation participation of children with physical disabilities. Participants were 427 families and children (229 boys and 198 girls) with physical functional limitations, in 3 age groups (6–8, 9–11, and 12–14 years). Data were collected via ho...

This article empirically examines the labour market participation of Italian women, with special emphasis on the role of intergenerational family links. Elderly relatives may play an important role in explaining the work patterns of women. First, they discourage the work participation of women by requiring unpaid help; secondly, they also provide household services such as child care, favouring...

Teachers Participating in Professional Learning Activities: The Role of Personal, Organizational, and Administrative Factors   M. AhmadYoosofi* H. Motaharinejaad, Ph.D. ** H. Aazari, Ph.D. ***   To help with the improvement in professional learning of teachers the opinions of 190 elementary school teachers on developmental leadership, cooperation among teachers, internalization ...

Cooperative advertising arrangements between manufacturers and resellers contain two principal components in their payment schedules: a participation rate and an accrual rate. We analyze 2,156 cooperative advertising plans to see how they vary across consumer and industrial products, as well as between convenience and nonconvenience consumer products. We also study how participation and accrual...