The difficulty of applying classical procedures to the qualitative and quantitative determination of carbohydrate in certain biological materials has led to the development of calorimetric methods in which the carbohydrate-containing material is treated with strong mineral acids, causing t,he formation of substances which will react with compounds such as diphenylamine, resorcinol, orcinol, ind...

BACKGROUND High attack rates of Influenzavirus among school-aged children tend to be expected to cause significant disruption of usual activities at school and at home. OBJECTIVE To quantify the effect of influenza season on illness episodes, school absenteeism, medication use, parental absenteeism from work, and the occurrence of secondary illness in families among a cohort of children enrol...

Soluble or membrane-spanning proteins that are resident in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) possess short amino acid sequence motifs that result in their localization in the ER by retrieval, retention, or both. One such protein targeting signal, the carboxy-terminal tetrapeptide KDEL (Munro and Pelham, 1987), retrieves soluble proteins from the Golgi complex to the ER lumen by interacting with th...

BACKGROUND A broad spectrum of pathogens is causative for respiratory tract infections, but symptoms are mostly similar. Therefore, the identification of the causative viruses and bacteria is only feasible using multiplex PCR or several monoplex PCR tests in parallel. METHODS The analytical sensitivity of three multiplex PCR assays, RespiFinder-19, RespiFinder-SMART-22 and xTAG-Respiratory-Vi...

We have studied the role of microtubules and actin filaments in the biogenesis of epithelial cell surface polarity, using influenza hemagglutinin and vesicular stomatitis G protein as model apical and basolateral proteins in infected Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Addition of colchicine or nocodazole to confluent monolayers at concentrations sufficient to completely disassemble microtubules d...

Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are severe clinical syndromes of humans, often resulting in extraordinarily high lethality. The diseases are characterized by initial influenza-like symptoms followed by varying degrees of capillaropathy, consumption of blood clotting factors with occasional hemorrhages from mucous membranes, and terminal multiorgan failure. VHF outbreaks are observed in distinct...