Medical toxicology is somehow a neglected field of medicine. Support for this discipline is necessary as there are many competing interests within a nation's public health priorities (1). In the previous issue of the Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology, the essentials of the empowerment of medical toxicology in the Asia Pacific region have been discussed (2). Perhaps, there is now an urg...

The variety of chemical compounds and their widespread use in industry everyday life pose a risk to safety. Despite the experience gained over past century since fi rst medical protective equipment, toxicology system providing specialized care for trauma require further improvement development. continuing risks industrial production, damage by hazardous substances, threat toxic substances local...

Veterinary pharmacology and toxicology are being increasingly recognized as important disciplines and were also rapidly changing and evolving in the mid-twentieth century. By the mid-1950s, phar-macology and toxicology were a highly active area of veterinary medicine; veterinary pharmacology and toxicology emerged as new disciplines, closely related, because they were involved in developing new...

The perfluoroalkyl acid salts (both carboxylates and sulfonates, hereafter designated as PFAAs) and their derivatives are important chemicals that have numerous consumer and industrial applications. However, recent discoveries that some of these compounds have global distribution, environmental persistence, presence in humans and wildlife, as well as toxicity in laboratory animal models, have g...

Toxicogenomics, the genome-wide analysis of gene expression to study the effect of toxicants, has great potential for use in environmental toxicology. Applied to standard test organisms, it has possible applications in aquatic toxicology as a sensitive monitoring tool to detect the presence of contaminants while providing information on the mechanisms of action of these pollutants. We describe ...

The last decade has seen major developments in large-scale genome sequencing and in the development of technical platforms to support this. Several genomes, such as yeast (DeRisi et al., 1997), have now been completely sequenced and the sequencing of the entire human genome is anticipated to be completed early in this decade, as a result of major effort in both the academic and industrial secto...

Application flows naturally from good science, and behavioral toxicology is no exception. Phenomena discovered and procedures developed in behavioral laboratories are being applied on a wide scale in commercial, industrial, and governmental settings. In behavioral toxicology, this transfer of technology has occurred in an ad hoc manner, albeit with a degree of sophistication. The development of...

Historically, the term risk assessment has been applied to the examination of potential risk to human health as a result of exposure to some introduced environmental toxicant. As an intellectual discipline, risk assessment is in its infancy. Within the past couple of decades, considerable research has been done in the fields of toxicology, industrial hygiene, environmental impact assessment, en...