BACKGROUND The socio-economic impact of bipolar disorder in the UK is unknown. AIMS To estimate the annual socio-economic burden imposed by bipolar disorder on UK society. METHOD The annual cost of resource use attributable to managing bipolar disorder was calculated. Indirect societal costs were also calculated. RESULTS The annual National Health Service (NHS) cost of managing bipolar di...

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Knowledge of socioeconomic impact of attempted suicide may sensitize managers regarding prevention strategies. There are no published data on this in Brazil. The aim here was to describe the direct and indirect costs of care of hospitalized cases of attempted suicide and compare these with the costs of acute coronary syndrome cases. DESIGN AND SETTING Cost-of-illness stu...

 ABSTRACT Background: The current practice to measure RV is either by BPG or helium dilution methods which may not be available in all clinics due to their cost. Methods: This paper outlines a method for both direct and indirect calculation of RV via PFT with acceptable sensitivity (81 %, 60% ), specificity (71 %, 94%) and validity (76%, 78%) for obstructive and restrictive lung disease respect...

We study the economic cost of dementia in Chile, and its variation according to socioeconomic status (SES). We use primary data from a survey of 330 informal primary caregivers who completed both a RUD-Lite and a socio-demographic questionnaire to evaluate the severity of dementia and caregiver's burden. The costs of dementia are broken into three components: direct medical costs (medical care,...

Objective: Type 2 diabetes is amongst the most common chronic illnesses in Iran. Its prevalence is increasing and it has significant economic importance. The aim of this study was to estimate direct therapeutic and non-therapeutic costs of type 2 diabetes Patients Referred to the Diabetes Research Center of Yazd in 2012. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 250 ...

This article describes the components that should be included as indirect costs to be consistent with economic theory in studies conducted from a societal perspective. The recently proposed method of how to estimate indirect costs, the friction-cost approach, is shown to exclude many aspects of these indirect cost components. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that this approach rests on very stro...

Indirect reciprocity is one of the major mechanisms of the evolution of cooperation. Because constant monitoring and accurate evaluation in moral assessments tend to be costly, indirect reciprocity can be exploited by cost evaders. A recent study crucially showed that a cooperative state achieved by indirect reciprocators is easily destabilized by cost evaders in the case with no supportive mec...

Background: Cigarette seems to be the least valuable of addictive drugs. It is easily accessible to the public, and its harmful personal and social effects have attracted less attention. Therefore, the present research was carried out with the aim of presenting cost estimations of smoking-related diseases in smokers who aged 35 or higher in Kerman City, Iran, in 2014.Methods: Using the prevalen...

background: activity based costing (abc) is one of the new methods began appearing as a costing methodol­ogy in the 1990's. it calculates cost price by determining the usage of resources. in this study, abc method was used for calculating cost price of remedial services in hospitals. methods: to apply abc method, shahid faghihi hospital was selected. first, hospital units were divided into thre...