Developing supernumerary limbs is a rare congenital condition that only a few cases have been documented. Depending on the cause and developmental conditions, they may be single, multiple or complicated, and occur as a syndrome or associated with other anomalies. Polymelia is defined as the presence of extra limb(s) which have been reported in human, mouse, chicken, calf and lamb. It seems that...

BACKGROUND Knowledge of linkage disequilibrium (LD) levels among different populations can be used to detect genetic diversity and to investigate the historical changes in population sizes. Availability of large numbers of SNP through new sequencing technologies has provided opportunities for extensive researches in quantifying LD patterns in cattle breeds. The aim of this study was to compare ...

Research within Indigenous communities has been criticised for lacking community engagement, for being exploitative, and for poorly explaining the processes of research. To address these concerns, and to ensure 'best practice', Jamieson, et al. (2012) recently published a summary of principles outlined by the NHMRC (2003) in "one short, accessible document". Here we expand on Jamieson et al.'s ...

BACKGROUND In recent decades, patient safety has become a high priority health system issue, due to the high potential of occurring adverse events in health facilities. OBJECTIVES This study was aimed to survey patient safety culture in 2 Iranian educational hospitals. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a descriptive, cross-sectional survey, a hospital survey on patient safety culture, was used in tw...

Zoorkhaneh is a Persian type of sports club where athletes undergo rigorous regiment training. The term Zoorkhaneh refers to the place of practice, which means "House of Strength" in English. The ritual is lead by a musician who chants sacred poetry while keeping time on a drum and ringing bells to mark the beginning of different sections. Zoorkhaneh sports have the factors issued to health (Mu...

There is a Russian proverb: The best is which existed in far past but is forgotten at present .Endemic Knowledge makes the same sense .This Knowledge is used for configuration of synthetic environment and is based on nature , culture ,society and rural life earning method, and interaction between the man and environment. It includes collection of the most useful and stable ways of revenue and l...

The International Labour Organization (ILO) serves as the only international agency that has adopted specific standards covering indigenous peoples. To address the issue, ILO has taken a twofold approach of promoting its Convention 169 at the government level and providing technical assistance on indigenous peoples issues. ILO’s current development program for indigenous peoples is INDISCO, whi...

The present study investigates academic stress in two different cultures, the Iranian as a collectivist culture, and the Swedish as an individualist culture. A total of 616 university students (312 Iranian and 304 Swedish) participated in the study. The results show that Swedish students experience more academic stress than Iranian students. Academic stress was found to be related to difficulti...

Cancer is a general term applied to some malignant diseases that may affect different parts of the body. Recently there has been a great effort in finding and synthesizing effective anticancer drugs. Effective compounds from plants such as periwinkle and taxus, give us a bright view of the future of plants and their anticancer agents. The alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine which were discove...