Purpose: The European Union and its European Neighbourhood are mutually dependent. In the next decades, the European Union (EU) will need to import foreign labour in response to different challenges. The geographical proximity, economic, cultural and historical links with EU Neighbouring countries make them an important potential source of labour force and, moreover, they are the main countries...

One of the striking features of the business cycles is the patterns of co-movement of output, inflation, interest rates, and real equity prices across countries. This paper empirically examines the effects of domestic and foreign monetary policies on Iranchr('39')s macroeconomic variables (including real production, inflation, short-term interest rate, and real exchange rate) using quarterly da...

This paper analyses the income and structural effects of the Single Payment Scheme (SPS). In particular, we analyze how the income distributional effects and farm restructuring are impacted by the SPS by accounting for entitlement tradability, cross-compliance and CAP 'greening' requirements, different SPS implementation models, and the entitlement stock. Our results suggest that the SPS implic...

The European Union (EU), the United States of America (USA), and Australia have adopted specific measures to avoid the placing of illegal timber on their markets. These measures might encourage the diversion of timber products from traditional large importers to destinations with a less stringent regulatory framework. During 2001–2013, the international trade in tropical primary timber products...

We use the adjoint of a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to optimize ammonia (NH3) emissions in the U.S., European Union, and China by inversion of 2005–2008 network data for NH4 wet deposition fluxes. Optimized emissions are derived on a 2 ◦ × 2.5◦ grid for individual months and years. Error characterization in the optimization includes model errors in precipitation. Annual opti...

foreign policy cooperation and coordination among the european community member states and presenting europe with a single voice, has long been an important challenge within the european community/european union, especially since early 1970s. in the early 1990s, following the collapse of the ussr and the end of the cold war, there was a general speculation in europe that the ec may be able to p...

The tightening of the European Union climate and energy policy, directed to raising the resilience and effectiveness of the European Union Emissions Trading System, may influence on companies' economic performance. Polish energy companies, which mainly use coal in the energy production process, are particularly worried about the potential negative consequences associated with the implementation...

This paper focuses on the influence of the opening of markets of allowances, such as the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, on the general equilibrium of an economy. Assuming there existed an equilibrium before the opening of these markets, we describe the changes in the firms behavior which guarantee that an equilibrium can be reached in the enlarged economy. Hence we describe under which...

It provides background information on the role of capital markets in PPP financing, and their principal advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional bank financing. It then reviews the dominant delivery model for PPP bonds, the so-called " monoline model " , and the impact of the downgrading of the monolines' rating following the credit crisis. The paper further analyses the reasons why...

This paper focuses on the influence of the opening of markets of allowances, such as the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, on the general equilibrium of an economy. Assuming there existed an equilibrium before the opening of these markets, we describe the changes in the firms behavior which guarantee that an equilibrium can be reached in the enlarged economy. Hence we describe under which...