background: chromosomal disorders are the most common cause of first trimester spontaneous abortion. among the human chromosomes, chromosome no.9 was the most common structural chromosomal variant and it is not thought to be of any functional importance, which often considers as a normal variation in structural polymorphisms, nevertheless there are some studies which claim that there is an asso...

We consider a random fitness landscape on the space of haploid diallelic genotypes with n genetic loci, where each genotype is considered either inviable or viable depending on whether or not there are any incompatibilities among its allele pairs. We suppose that each allele pair in the set of all possible allele pairs on the n loci is independently incompatible with probability p = c/(2n). We ...

Self-incompatibility is one of the most important difficulties in almond production which reduce fruit set dramatically and makes orchard management difficult. Therefore, breeding almond to produce self-compatible genotypes is very important. In this research identification and screening of 86 almond progenies obtained from selfing Touno after the self-pollination by PCR reaction with specific ...

Twenty-five syndactylous Angus cattle, characterized pathologically, were reported from 16 herds in 10 states from 1979 to 1994. Twenty-one (84%) had all 4 legs syndactylous, 3 (12%) had 3 legs syndactylous, and 1 (4%) had 2 legs syndactylous. All syndactylous cattle walked with considerable difficulty. Hooves of aged animals became curled and bent laterally or medially. Affected hooves had the...

BACKGROUND DNA methylation is sensitive and responsive to stressful environmental conditions. Nonetheless, the extent to which condition-induced somatic methylation modifications can impose transgenerational effects remains to be fully understood. Even less is known about the biological relevance of the induced epigenetic changes for potentially altered well-being of the organismal progenies re...

Estimations of population genetic parameters like allele frequencies, heterozygosities, inbreeding coefficients and genetic distances rely on the assumption that all sampled genotypes come from a randomly interbreeding population or sub-population. Here we show that small cross-generational samples may severely affect estimates of allele frequencies, when a small number of progenies dominate th...

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la selección directa, indirecta e índices combinados de selección, en el mejoramiento rendimiento grano y los componentes número peso sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Se usaron cuatro poblaciones F2 una generación progenies F3, diferentes tamaño granos. trabajo se realizó Universidad Nebraska, EEUU. La evaluación las hizo 1997 localidad, progenie F3 (99 fa...

N THE gametophyte generation all genes are normally present in the I haploid state, and since the gene effects are not complicated by dominance, it is often possible to apply methods which cannot be used in the sporophyte, or diploid, geieration. In this connection, the method used in identifying crossovers between two genes effecting pollen tube growth in Oenothera organensis may be of interes...

one of the problems in growing olive trees is pollen-incompatibility. this study was conducted in gorgan climatic condition to determine the self-incompatibility of olive cv koroneiki and to select the suitable pollenizers. randomized complete block design with three replication (trees) and six treatments including open pollination, self pollination, mission, conservalia, sevilana and valanolia...