Microwave backhaul links are characterized by high signal-to-noise ratios permitting spectrally-efficient transmission. The used signal constellation sizes and achievable data rates typically limited transceiver impairments, predominantly phase noise from non-ideal carrier generation. In this paper, we propose a new method to improve the rate over such microwave links. We make use of fact that ...

4'-Phosphopantetheine transferases (PPTases) transfer the 4'-phosphopantetheine moiety of coenzyme A onto a conserved serine residue of acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) of fatty acid and polyketide synthases as well as peptidyl carrier proteins (PCPs) of nonribosomal peptide synthetases. This posttranslational modification converts ACPs and PCPs from their inactive apo into the active holo form. We...

Acquiring new genetic traits by lateral gene transfer is a bacterial strategy for environmental adaptations. We previously showed that Escherichia coli laterally transmits nonconjugative plasmids in cocultures that contain strains with or without the plasmid. Using a pMB1-derived plasmid and the Keio collection, a comprehensive library of E. coli knockout mutants for nonessential genes, we rece...

Acyl carrier protein participates in a number of biosynthetic pathways in Escherichia coli: fatty acid biosynthesis, phospholipid biosynthesis, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, activation of prohemolysin, and membrane-derived oligosaccharide biosynthesis. The first four pathways require the protein's prosthetic group, phosphopantetheine, to assemble an acyl chain or to transfer an acyl group fr...

In serum there are two classes of hexosaminidase. One of these is heat-labile and is inactive in children with Tay-Sachs disease. Serum from heterozygotes for Tay-Sachs disease has half the normal activity of the heat-labile enzyme. The heat-labile enzyme can be inactivated by heating serum diluted in buffer for 5 mm at 60 #{176}C. We have used this property to develop a reliable, fully automat...

N-Substituted pantothenamides are a class of pantothenic acid analogues which have been shown to act as inhibitors of coenzyme A biosynthesis and utilization, especially by blocking fatty acid metabolism through formation of inactive acyl carrier proteins. To fully explore the chemical diversity and inhibitory potential of these analogues we have developed a simple method for the parallel synth...

A new enzyme, acetate:SH-[acyl-carrier-protein] enzyme ligase (AMP), has been purified about 30-fold from cell-free extracts of Klebsiella aerogenes. The enzyme, in the presence of acetate and ATP, catalyzes the acetylation of enzymically inactive des-acetyl citrate lyase to enzymically active citrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.6). Acetate and ATP could be replaced by acetyl adenylate. Acetyl-CoA can act ...

Helium is an inactive gas that has been used as a carrier in chromatography (GC). Due to recent helium shortage of last several years, method transfer from GC high-performance liquid (HPLC) increasingly considered. Here, camphor and menthol, which are many pharmaceutical products have widely analyzed by GC, were determined reversed-phase (LC) coupled with electrospray ionization single quadrupo...

Multi-subunit RNA polymerases are the enzymes that perform transcription in all living organisms and that have emerged before the divergence of domains of life. The structures of catalytic cores and their functions during elongation step of transcription cycle are very similar for all multi-subunit RNA polymerases. In contrast, the mechanisms for terminating the RNA synthesis have seemingly div...