Probiotics are live nonpathogenic bacteria or bacterial components that may be helpful in the prevention and treatment of acute diarrhoea in adults and children and have some effects on the course of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Many experimental and clinical studies suggest that intestinal bacterial flora plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IBD, and manipulation of the luminal...

Researches concerning probiotics were initiated by a Russian scientist named Elie Metchnikoff. He emphasized the importance of Lactobacillus species and fermented milk products present in the gastrointestinal tract for a healthy and long life. The term "probiotics" was first introduced in 1953 by Werner Kollath, and he defined probiotics as microbially derived factors that stimulate the growth ...

The effect of probiotics in systemic health is well documented. There are several advantages using of probiotics , but in some persons it carries the risk of causing bacteremia and sepsis. Probiotic treatment is adviced for the prevention and treatment of a number of diseases, and there is strong evidence for their efficacy. Probiotics are now widely used in many countries . Because of the incr...

Probiotics have been found to be beneficial to host health. Their primary use in medicine has been for the management of intestinal tract problems. In recent years, probiotics have been used as a treatment to promote oral health. The aim of the present study was to review published studies regarding probiotics and their effects on the oral cavity. Studies reporting the anticariogenic effects of...

Low expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and dysfunction of vitamin D/VDR signaling are reported in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); therefore, restoration of VDR function to control inflammation in IBD is desirable. Probiotics have been used in the treatment of IBD. However, the role of probiotics in the modulation of VDR signaling to effectively reduce inflammation is unknown...

BACKGROUND Probiotics have been used for a range of clinical situations and their use is strongly encouraged by the media worldwide. This study identified and summarized all Cochrane systematic reviews about the preventive effects of probiotics in clinical practice. DESIGN AND SETTING Review of systematic reviews, conducted in the Discipline of Evidence-Based Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medi...

It has been reported that gut probiotics play a major role in the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. Probiotics may be essential to people with depression, which remains a global health challenge, as depression is a metabolic brain disorder. However, the efficacy of probiotics for depression is controversial. This study aimed to systematically review the existing evidenc...

Probiotic bacteria are sold mainly in fermented foods, and dairy products play a predominant role as carriers of probiotics. These foods are well suited to promoting the positive health image of probiotics for several reasons: 1) fermented foods, and dairy products in particular, already have a positive health image; 2) consumers are familiar with the fact that fermented foods contain living mi...

In recent years, research into and public interest in probiotics and probiotic foods have risen. Lactobacilli and bifidobacterium are the most commonly used probiotics while yoghurt and kefir are popular foods containing probiotics. Probiotics have been used to manage diarrhoea. Many things cause diarrhoea, including bacterial, viral and protozoal infections, radiation and antibiotic therapy. D...

Probiotics are marketed in several countries and widely used by pediatric health care providers. Although probiotics can be helpful for specific disorders, they have been broadly prescribed for disorders without clear evidence to support their use. Furthermore, in certain specific conditions, probiotics cause clinical deterioration. This report is a review and evaluation of the evidence or lack...