background: educational clinical environment has an important role in nursing students' learning. any difference between actual and expected clinical environment will decrease nursing students’ interest in clinical environments and has a negative correlation with their clinical performance.   methods : this descriptive cross-sectional study is an attempt to compare nursing students'perception o...

This is a philosophical ‘position paper’, starting from the observation that we have an intuitive grasp of a family of related concepts of “possibility”, “causation” and “constraint” which we often use in thinking about complex mechanisms, and perhaps also in perceptual processes, which according to Gibson are primarily concerned with detecting positive and negative affordances, such as support...

The aim of the present study was to determine the errors in the conceptualization of portion size using photographs. Male and female volunteers aged 18-90 years (n 136) from a wide variety of social and occupational backgrounds completed 602 assessments of portion size in relation to food photographs. Subjects served themselves between four and six foods at one meal (breakfast, lunch or dinner)...

Suppose that the entries of a relational database are collected in an unreliable way, that is the actual database may differ from the true database in at most one data of each individual. An error-correcting key is such a set of attributes, that the knowledge of the actual data of an individual in this set of attributes uniquely determines the individual. It is showed that if the minimal keys a...

I propose a new estimator for jointly estimating two-gene and four-gene coefficients of relatedness between individuals from an outbreeding population with data on codominant genetic markers and compare it, by Monte Carlo simulations, to previous ones in precision and accuracy for different distributions of population allele frequencies, numbers of alleles per locus, actual relationships, sampl...

The idea that language is a homogeneous code is a massive simplification. In actual fact, we constantly use a wide array of codes, be they other languages, dialects, registers, or special purpose codes (for bank account numbers, book numbers, shoe sizes, and so on). In this paper we provide a formal analysis of code switching.

Obtaining population-level life history data such as egg and clutch size in reptiles has most often required that individuals be sacrificed. This prevents a reexamination of individuals over intra-annual and inter-annual time scales, limiting insight into the effects of varying environmental conditions on reproductive output. Here, we test the use of a laptop-sized portable ultrasound imaging s...

This paper presents an analysis of the results of an empirical study conducted to examine the relationship between the estimated and actual sizes of small real-client projects. Estimates of software size are collected at two different points of the software development life cycle – one immediately before rebaselining the project mid-stream and the other immediately after rebaselining. It is fou...