Learning to initiate defenses in response to specific signals of danger is adaptive. Some chronic pain conditions, however, are characterized by widespread anxiety, avoidance, and pain consistent with a loss of defensive response specificity. Response specificity depends on ability to discriminate between safe and threatening stimuli; therefore, specificity might depend on sensory precision. Th...

Estimates of forest area were obtained for the states of Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, and Missouri in the United States using stratified analyses and observations from forest inventory plots measured in federal fiscal year 1999. Strata were created by aggregating the land cover classes of the National Land Cover Data (NLCD), and strata weights were calculated as proportions of strata pixel counts....

Given a graph G = (V, E), a set of vertices S ⊆ V covers v ∈ V if the edge connectivity between S and v is at least a given number k. Vertices in S are called sources. The source location problem is a problem of finding a minimum-size source set covering all vertices of a given graph. This paper presents a new variation of the problem, called maximum-cover source-location problem, which finds a...

We present the Predictive Legend Exchange and Augmentation Protocol (P-LEAP), a predictive location service. PLEAP improves upon the LEAP location service, which has been shown to reduce location error in mobile networks, by incorporating a method of predicting the topology of the network. P-LEAP is designed to create and transmit a data structure that traverses an ad hoc network. The data stru...

Developers working with source code have a strong sense of locality defined by both the modularity of the system and the development environment. For a particular change task some subset of the system will be relevant, and when that subset is not a localized subset, it can be difficult for the developer to identify the relevant entities and to understand how they fit together. This is due to an...

Studies of sound localization use relative or absolute psychoacoustic paradigms. Relative tasks assess acuity by determining the smallest angle separating two sources that subjects can discriminate, the minimum audible angle (MAA), whereas absolute tasks measure subjects' abilities to indicate sound location. It is unclear whether or how measures from the two tasks are related, though the belie...

White-beam slits are precision high-heat-load devices used on beamlines of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) to trim and shape the incoming x-rays beam before the beam is transmitted to other optical components. At the APS, the insertion devices that generate the x-ray are very powerful. For example, the heat flux associated with an x-ray beam generated by Undulator A will be on the order of 207...