• Triple impinging jet mixer can be used for mixing unequal streams. Acetylsalicylic acid flow reaction mixture was separated and purified effectively. Small crystal size unimodal distribution were achieved. Temperature antisolvent to solution ratio have a significant effect on yield. This study aims develop continuous crystallization technique using novel non-submerged triple multiple feeding ...

The self-cleaning property is usually connected to superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs) where the dust particles can be easily removed by the rolling motion of droplets. It seems that superhydrophobicity (its durability is questionable nowadays) is a necessity. However here, it is disclosed that self-cleaning can also be realized on an ordinary surface by droplet impinging. The effects of surface w...

heating and sudden cooling are among the most important processes affecting temper quality in the production period of tempered auto glass. in this study, heat transfer characteristics and cooling times during the sudden cooling process of tempered glass production have been experimentally investigated. flat glass with dimensions of 50x50x4 mm has been heated up to 680 ºc in the furnace and was...

The ecology of viruses has been studied only in a limited number of rivers and streams. In light of a recent re-appraisal of the global fluvial surface area, issues such as abundance and production, host mortality and the influence of suspended particles and biofilms are addressed. Viral life cycles, potential impacts of viruses on water biochemistry and carbon flow, and viral diversity are con...

We conduct and analyze two large surveys of hypothetical annuitization choices. We find that allowing individuals to annuitize a fraction of their wealth increases annuitization relative to a situation where annuitization is an "all or nothing" decision. Very few respondents choose declining real payout streams over flat or increasing real payout streams of equivalent expected present value. Hi...

ABSTRACT An experimental study has been conducted to visualise the instantaneous streamwise and spanwise flow patterns of a normal shock wave impinging over a rounded contour bump in a Mach 1.3 free-stream. A quartz-made transparent shock generator was used, so that instantaneous images could be captured during the oil-flow visualisation experiments. Fluorescent oil with three different colours...

The amount of high-energy stellar radiation reaching the surface of protoplanetary disks is essential to determine their chemistry and physical evolution. Here, we use millimetric and centimetric radio data to constrain the EUV luminosity impinging on 14 disks around young (∼2-10Myr) sun-like stars. For each object we identify the long-wavelength emission in excess to the dust thermal emission,...

When a positively buoyant vertical fluid jet directed downwards from its source impinges on a horizontal flat surface, the resulting flow is termed an “impinging fountain”. These flows arise in a number of practical situations, for example, in gas metal arc welding (GMAW). Developing a description of this flow presents the researcher with a number of challenges and forms the motivation for this...

Steady, incompressible flow solutions are found numerically for a radially expanding liquid sheet in order to confirm analytical results for inviscid flow and to investigate viscous and nonlinear effects. An hp-finite element method is used to perform the numerical simulations. Comparisons are made to theoretical predictions of the radius where the sheet becomes unstable. To determine the criti...